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Neurology > Cranial Nerve Lesions > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology of CN XII

A

Deviation of tongue to damaged side on protrusion, possible muscle wasting and fasciculations

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2
Q

Cause of CNXII palsy

A

Possibly from head and neck malignancy and penetrating trauma

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3
Q

Recurrent layngeal nerve pathology

A

Dysphonia, aphonia, stridor

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4
Q

Causes of recurrent layngeal nerve pathology

A

Heart defects can irritate nerve, cancer of larnyx, thyroid gland, surgical complications

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5
Q

Pharyngeal and other vagus nerve pathology

A

Dysphagia, uvula deviation, loss of gag reflex, vasovagal syncope

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6
Q

Pathology of CNXI symptoms

A

Ipsilateral muscle wasting and paralysis of SCM and trapezius. Unable to move neck, shrug shoulders or rotate head

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7
Q

Causes of CNXI pathology

A

Mostly iatrogenic from procedures to cervical lymph nodes (biopsy/excision) and central line insertion

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8
Q

Symptoms of vestibular nerve damage

A

Vertigo, nystagmus, loss of equilibrium, nausea, vomiting

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9
Q

Causes of vestibular nerve damage

A

Vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, basillar skull fracture can damage nerve within acoustic meatus

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10
Q

Symptoms of cochlear nerve damage

A

Sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus

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11
Q

Causes of cochlear nerve damage

A

Labyrinthitis, basillar skull fracture

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12
Q

Symptoms of glossopharyngeal neuralgia

A

Paroxysmal attacks of unilateral brief brain

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13
Q

Causes of glossopharyngeal neuralgia

A

Compression, less commonly from tumour, aneurysm or demyelination

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14
Q

Causes of abducent nerve pathology

A

SOL, diabetic neuropathy, thromboplebitis of cavernous sinus, small vessel disease, any pressure on brainstem

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15
Q

Intracranial features of CN VII palsy

A

Muscles of facial expression paralysed or weakened, reduced salivation, loss of taste on ipsilateral 2/3 tongue, ipsilateral hyperacusis (stapedus nerve), ipsilateral reduced lacrimal fluid (greater petrous nerve)

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16
Q

Causes of intracranial CN VII palsy

A

Infection related to external or middle ear

17
Q

Extracranial features of CN VII palsy

A

Only muscle function is affected

18
Q

Extracranial causes of CN VII palsy

A

NErve infection or parotid gland pathology

19
Q

Causes of trochlear nerve palsy

A

Microvascular damage from diabetes or hypertension, congenital malformation, raised ICP, thrombophlebitis of cavernous sinus

20
Q

Causes of trigeminal nerve palsy

A

Compression at root of nerve by intracranial artery, compression of venous loop as it enters brainstem, tumour, aneurysm or plaque

21
Q

Features of CNV palsy

A

Severe paroxysmal facial pain

22
Q

Features of CN VI palsy

A

Horizontal diplopia, resting adduction, inability to adduct eye

23
Q

Features if Meyer’s loop is affected

A

Left superior quadrantanopsia

24
Q

Causes of meyers loop pathology

A

Temporal lobe tumour

25
Q

If there was a thrombosis of PCA what effects would if have on the optic nerve

A

Left homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing

26
Q

Features of Oculomotor palsy

A

Ptosis, down and out position, dilated pupil

27
Q

Causes of oculomotor palsy

A

Raised ICP, PCA aneurysm, cavernous sinus infection, trauma, diabetes, MS, myasthenia gravis, giant cell arteritis

28
Q

Olfactory nerve pathology symptoms

A

Anosmia

29
Q

Causes of olfactory pathology

A

Infection, head injury, trauma, tumour in olfactory groove, parkinsons, AD, Kallman syndrome

30
Q

Pathology of direct CN II lesion

A

Complete loss of vision in nerve supplying eye

31
Q

Causes of CN II lesion

A

MS, trauma, glaucoma

32
Q

Features of optic chaism pathology

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

33
Q

Features of right optic tract pathology

A

Left homonymous hemianopsia

34
Q

Causes of bitemporal hemianopsia

A

Pituitary tumour

Neurology (21 decks)

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