Enzymes Flashcards
Helicase
Unwinds ds DNA for replication
Topoisomerase
Cuts and unwraps DNA to release tension
Primase
RNA polymerase that synthesizes primer
DNA Polymerase
Elongation of daughter strand
DNA Ligase
Joins Okazaki fragments
Nuclease
Breaks phosphodiester bonds
Exonuclease
Moves backward to remove incorrect NTs
Endonuclease
Makes cuts in the middle of the chain
Telomerase
Adds repetitive NT sequences at the end of chromosomes
Reverse Transcriptase
Converts RNA to DNA (retroviruses)
Transposase
Cut/paste of transpons
Ribozymes
Catalytic RNA with special functions
Inducible Enzymes
Default off but turns on with lots of substrate (catabolic enzyme)
Repressible Enzymes
Default on but can turn on and off
B-galactosidase
Cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose (lac operon)
Permease
Transports lactose into cell (lac operon)
Transacetylase
Transfers acetyl group from acetyl-coA to B-galactosidase
Adenylyl Cyclase
Converts ATP to cAMP
Lipase
Fat digestion
Amylase
Breaks down starch (saliva)
Sucrase, lactase, maltase
Breaks down sugars
Pepsin
Breaks down proteins into amino acids (digestive enzyme in stomach lining)
Protease
Enzyme that cuts/cleaves proteins
Peptidase
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptides into amino acids
Renin
Secreted and stored in the kidneys that increases angiotensin I production from angiotensinogen
Trypsin
Active form of chymotrypsin that breaks down proteins in the small intestine
