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MCAT Content Review > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

Helicase

A

Unwinds ds DNA for replication

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2
Q

Topoisomerase

A

Cuts and unwraps DNA to release tension

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3
Q

Primase

A

RNA polymerase that synthesizes primer

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4
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Elongation of daughter strand

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5
Q

DNA Ligase

A

Joins Okazaki fragments

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6
Q

Nuclease

A

Breaks phosphodiester bonds

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7
Q

Exonuclease

A

Moves backward to remove incorrect NTs

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8
Q

Endonuclease

A

Makes cuts in the middle of the chain

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9
Q

Telomerase

A

Adds repetitive NT sequences at the end of chromosomes

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10
Q

Reverse Transcriptase

A

Converts RNA to DNA (retroviruses)

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11
Q

Transposase

A

Cut/paste of transpons

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12
Q

Ribozymes

A

Catalytic RNA with special functions

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13
Q

Inducible Enzymes

A

Default off but turns on with lots of substrate (catabolic enzyme)

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14
Q

Repressible Enzymes

A

Default on but can turn on and off

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15
Q

B-galactosidase

A

Cleaves lactose into glucose and galactose (lac operon)

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16
Q

Permease

A

Transports lactose into cell (lac operon)

17
Q

Transacetylase

A

Transfers acetyl group from acetyl-coA to B-galactosidase

18
Q

Adenylyl Cyclase

A

Converts ATP to cAMP

19
Q

Lipase

A

Fat digestion

20
Q

Amylase

A

Breaks down starch (saliva)

21
Q

Sucrase, lactase, maltase

A

Breaks down sugars

22
Q

Pepsin

A

Breaks down proteins into amino acids (digestive enzyme in stomach lining)

23
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that cuts/cleaves proteins

24
Q

Peptidase

A

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of peptides into amino acids

25
Q

Renin

A

Secreted and stored in the kidneys that increases angiotensin I production from angiotensinogen

26
Q

Trypsin

A

Active form of chymotrypsin that breaks down proteins in the small intestine

MCAT Content Review (13 decks)

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