Brain and Nervous System

Question 1

Spinal Cord (3)

Answer 1

1. Information integration and processing
2. Simple reflexes
3. Primitive processes (sex, walking, peeing)

Question 2

Medulla (3)

Answer 2

1. Relaying information between brain parts
2. Autonomic functions
3. Respiratory and rhythmicity centers

Question 3

Pons

Answer 3

Balance/antigravity/posture

Question 4

Cerebellum (2)

Answer 4

“Little Brain” -

1. Complex movements
2. Balance/antigravity

Question 5

Midbrain

Answer 5

1. Visual/audio information

2. RAS (reticular activating system)

Question 6

Thalamus

Answer 6

Sensory information

Question 7

Hypothalamus (2)

Answer 7

1. Emotion

2. Endocrine functions (hormonal regulation, controls pituitary gland)

Question 8

Telencephalon - Left (3)

Answer 8

1. Motor
2. R body
3. Speech

Question 9

Telencephalon - Right (3)

Answer 9

1. Visual-spatial reasoning
2. Music
3. L body

Question 10

Corpus Callosum

Answer 10

Axons connecting cerebral hemispheres

Question 11

Cerebellum

Answer 11

Wrapping of the cerebral cortex - 4 lobe pairs

Learning/behaviors

Question 12

Frontal Lobe (4)

Answer 12

1. Voluntary movement
2. Complex reasoning
3. Problem-solving
4. Executive functions (planning, organizing)

Question 13

Parietal Lobe

Answer 13

Sensation - touch, temp, taste

Question 14

Temporal Lobe (5)

Answer 14

1. Hearing
2. Smelling
3. ST memory
4. Language comprehension
5. Emotion

Question 15

Occipital Lobe

Answer 15

Vision

Question 16

Basal Ganglia

Answer 16

1. Voluntary movement
2. Procedural learning
3. Coordinating movement

Question 17

Vagus Nerve

Answer 17

Communicates with heart and stomach to regulate HR and GI activity (autonomic)

Question 18

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 18

Inner adrenal gland - sympathetic NS

Releases adrenaline/epinephrine that stimulates the heart

Question 19

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 19

Outer adrenal gland 
Releases 3 things: 
1. Glucocorticoids (cortisol) 
2. Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) 
3. Sex hormones

Question 20

Auditory Hair Cell

Answer 20

Detects vibrations from sound waves (cochlea)

Question 21

Vestibular Hair Cells

Answer 21

Detects position relative to gravity (semicircular canals)

Question 22

Cochlea

Answer 22

Releases excess pressure

Question 23

Vestibular Complex

Answer 23

Includes: utricle, saccule, ampullae

Balance

Question 24

Iris

Answer 24

Regulate diameter of pupil

Question 25

Lens

Answer 25

Targets angle of light on retina

Question 26

Rods

Answer 26

Night vision

Question 27

Cones

Answer 27

Color vision

Question 28

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 28

Hormone secretion (TSH)

Question 29

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 29

Hormone secretion (ADH, oxytocin)

Question 30

Hippocampus

Answer 30

New memories, reinforcement

Question 31

Amygdala

Answer 31

1. Process emotions, motivation, alertness
2. Fear/aggression
3. Communicates with hypothalamus

Question 32

SCN

Answer 32

Suprachiasmatic nucleus: stimulates melatonin production in pileal gland in the absence of light

Question 33

Hypothalamus

Answer 33

Physiologic aspects of emotion (ANS)

Question 34

Prefrontal Cortex

Answer 34

Executive functions, decision making, fear/anxiety

Question 35

Broca’s Area

Answer 35

Frontal Lobe - speech production

Question 36

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 36

Temporal Lobe - comprehension of speech/written language

Question 37

Mirror Neurons

Answer 37

Vicarious emotions - empathy (front brain)