Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Globular (soluble) proteins that act as a biological catalyst

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2
Q

What is activation energy?

A

Energy input required to start a chemical reaction

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3
Q

How do enzymes function as catalysts?

A

Lower activation energy input required by providing an alternate pathway for chemical reaction

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4
Q

What are the features of enzymes?

A
  1. Very specific
  2. Substrate is the specific reactant molecule
  3. Becomes complimentary (induced fit)
  4. Products released as new shape no longer fits active site
  5. Can work again after products dissociate
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5
Q

Describe the protein shape

A
  1. 3D tertiary shape is precise and critical to enzyme function
  2. Hydrophobic region inside
  3. Hydrophilic region outside in watery environment of cell
  4. Shape determines function
  5. Denaturation alters tertiary structure and distorts active site
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6
Q

Why do enzymes denature?

A

Change in pH or temperature

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7
Q

What is synthesis?

A

The joining together of two substrates to form one product

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8
Q

What is degradation?

A

The breaking down of one substrate to form two products

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9
Q

Explain induced fit

A
  1. Shape of active site is not completely complementary to substrate
  2. As substrate binds, shape of active site changes and becomes complementary to the substrate
  3. Enzyme substrate complex forms
  4. Causes stressing and distortion of bonds in substrate causing them to break
  5. Product is formed and released
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10
Q

What are the 2 ways rate of catalysed reaction can be measured by?

A
  1. Formation of product
  2. Disappearance of substrate
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11
Q

What does qualitative mean?

A

Based on subjective readings.

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