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Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What are isomers?

A

Compounds with the same molecular/chemical formula but different structural formula

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2
Q

What is a triose?

A

Any monosaccharide that contains 3 carbon atoms

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3
Q

What is a Pentose?

A

Any monosaccharide that contains 5 carbon atoms

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4
Q

What is a hexose?

A

Any monosaccharide that contains 6 carbon atoms

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5
Q

What elements does a carbohydrate contain?

A

Oxygen, carbon and hydrogen

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6
Q

What is glucose?

A

A basic monomer of carbohydrates

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7
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Atoms or small molecules that can bond together to form polymers

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8
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecule made up of repeating units of monomers

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9
Q

What is the ratio of glucose chemical formula?

A

1:2:1

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of glucose?

A

Alpha glucose and beta glucose

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11
Q

How is alpha glucose different to beta glucose?

A

On an alpha glucose on C1, the hydrogen is bonded above and the hydroxide is bonded below

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12
Q

How is beta glucose different to alpha glucose?

A

On a beta glucose, on C1, the hydrogen is bonded below and the hydroxide is bonded above

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13
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Sugars composed of 2 monosaccharides covalently bonded together by glycosidic linkage

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14
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

The most basic forms of carbohydrates

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15
Q

What type of sugars are disaccharides?

A

Mostly reducing sugars

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16
Q

What is glycosidic linkage?

A

The linkage formed between 2 units of monosaccharide through an oxygen atom by the loss of a water molecule

17
Q

How is maltose made?

A

Glucose + glucose

18
Q

How is lactose made?

A

Glucose + galactose

19
Q

How is sucrose made?

A

Glucose + fructose

20
Q

What is maltose known as?

A

Malt sugar

21
Q

What is lactose known as?

A

Milk sugar

22
Q

What is sucrose known as?

A

Common household sugar

23
Q

Which one of the disaccharides are non reducing?

A

Sucrose

24
Q

What is the formula of maltose?

A

CH12H22O11

25
Q

By what type of reaction is maltose formed?

A

Condensation

26
Q

What is the inorganic molecule released during maltose formation reaction?

A

Water

27
Q

What is inorganic?

A

Compounds that don’t contain carbon

28
Q

What is organic?

A

Compounds that contain carbon

29
Q

What type of glucose is used to make maltose?

A

2 alpha glucose molecules

30
Q

Are all monosaccharides reducing sugars?

A

Yes

31
Q

What test is used to determine the presence of reducing sugars?

A

Benedict’s test

Biology (33 decks)

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