Enzymes

Question 1

What are the mechanisms of enzyme analysis?

Answer 1

Proximity and orientation, proton donors and acceptors, electrostatic catalysis, covalent catalysis, metal ion catalysis, bond strain, quantum tunneling, and active enzyme.

Question 2

Different types of inhibitors.

Answer 2

enzyme inhibitors, competitive inhibitors, noncompetitive inhibitors, feedback inhibitors, artificial inhibitors, irreversible inhibitors.

Question 3

Enzyme inhibitors

Answer 3

molecules bind to enzymes and slow down reactions

Question 4

Competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 4

Competitive competes with natural substrates for binding states.
Noncompetitive binds to the enzyme - substrate complex to prevent release of products

Question 5

Artificial inhibitors

Answer 5

used to treat diseases and kill pests

Question 6

Feedback inhibitors

Answer 6

noncompetitive inhibitors that shut down pathways

Question 7

Changes in the rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction

also, Enzymes lower energy barrier by bringing the reactants together.

Answer 7

• depends on the substrate concentration
• Concentration of an enzyme is usually much lower than the substrate
• At saturation, all enzyme is bound to substrate; it’s working at maximum rate
• Some reactions are slow because of an energy barrier, the amount of energy required to start the reaction is called activation energy, which puts the reactants in a reactive mode called the transition state
• Transition state intermediates - activation energy changes the reactants into unstable forms with higher free energy
• Activation energy can come from heating the system