Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 1

5 steps of mitosis

Answer 1

Interphase- not part of mitosis but a checkup of cell and DNA before it gets replicated so that there is no problems with later cells. Then there’s prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Question 2

What’s part of the interphase

Answer 2

G1, S, and G2
G1 - normal cell function
S - DNA and centrosome replication
G2 - preparation for mitosis

Question 3

Prophase

Answer 3

the centrosomes move to opposite ends of the nuclear envelope. Microtubules begin to extend from the centrosomes. At the beginning of prophase, chromosomes are loose. During prophase, the chromosomes
condense and supercoil, becoming more
compact and visible as distinct units.

Question 4

Prometaphase

Answer 4

the nuclear envelope breaks down. Kinetochore microtubules appear and connect the kinetochores on each sister chromatid to opposite centrosomes.

Question 5

Metaphase

Answer 5

he centromeres of each chromosome become aligned at the equator of the cell, midway between the two
centrosomes.

Question 6

Anaphase

Answer 6

the paired sister chromatids separate, and the new daughter chromosomes begin to move towards the poles. Three mechanisms move the chromosomes:
* Kinetochores have motor proteins— kinesins and
dynein.
* Kinetochore microtubules shorten, drawing
chromosomes toward poles.
* The centrosomes move apart, aiding in
separation.

Question 7

Telophase

Answer 7

the daughter chromosomes reach the poles. As telophase ends, the nuclear envelopes reform, and the chromosomes de-condense.

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

division of cytoplasm. In animal cells the cell membrane pinches in between the nuclei. A ring of microfilaments forms; the proteins contract and pinches the cell in 2. In plant cells, vesicles from the Golgi apparatus appear along the plane of cell division. These fuse to form a new cell membrane. Contents of vesicles form a cell plate - the beginning of the new cell wall

Question 9

Asexual reproduction

Answer 9

when organisms reproduce themselves with each cell cycle

Question 10

Difference between haploid and diploid

Answer 10

Diploid has 2 sets of chromosomes, all are somatic cells, or body cells
Haploid has 1 set of chromosomes, or gametes, which are sex cells

Question 11

What is meiosis and the steps involved

Answer 11

2 nuclear division of nuclei with DNA replication only happening once. Steps are. There’s Meiosis I and II, I includes early prophase 1, mid-prophase 1, late prophase 1 prometaphase, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, and telophase 1. Meiosis II consists of prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II, along with the products.

Question 12

Early prophase I

Answer 12

DNA is loose, centrosomes move to opposite sides of the cell.

Question 13

Mid-prophase I

Answer 13

DNA condenses and 4 chromatids come together to form a tetrad

Question 14

Prophase I prometaphase

Answer 14

Crossovers occur in non sister chromatids in chiasmata

Question 15

Metaphase I

Answer 15

pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on opposite sides of the metaphase plate

Question 16

Anaphase I

Answer 16

the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate to different daughter cells.

Question 17

Telophase I

Answer 17

the chromosomes have finished
moving to opposite ends of the cell. DNA decondenses. Cytokinesis finishes cell division. At the end of meiosis I, there are 2 haploid cells.

Question 18

Prophase II

Answer 18

chromosomes recondense after a brief interphase in which DNA does not replicate.

Question 19

Metaphase II

Answer 19

centromeres of the sister chromatids line up across the metaphase plate of each cell.

Question 20

Anaphase II

Answer 20

the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

Question 21

Telophase II

Answer 21

the chromosomes gather into nuclei and the cells divide.

Question 22

Products

Answer 22

each of the four cells have a nucleus with a haploid number of unreplicated
chromosomes.