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BIO2023 Cellular Biochemistry > Enzyme introduction > Flashcards

Enzyme introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are CAZymes?

A

Carbohydrate active enzymes

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2
Q

What are carbohydrate-active enzymes?

A

Enzymes that degrade, modify, or synthesise carbohydrates

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3
Q

What are the 5 different classes of cazymes?

A 
Polysaccharide lyases
Glycoside hydrolases 
Carbohydrate esterases
Lytic polysaccharides monooxygenases
Glycosyl transferases
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4
Q

What do polysaccharide lyases do?

A

Break the glycosidic bond by a β elimination mechanism

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5
Q

What do glycoside hydrolases do?

A

Break the glycosidic bond through hydrolysis with the addition of water

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6
Q

What do carbohydrate esterases do?

A

Remove modifications from different sugars is acetate or methyl groups

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7
Q

What do lytic polysaccharides monooxygenases do?

A

Cleave the glycosidic bond by oxidative mechanism and are Cu dependent

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8
Q

What do glycosyl transferases do?

A

Synthesis glycosidic bonds

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9
Q

How does CAZy organise information?

A

Groups enzymes into sequence-based families

Specificities within families can be highly variable

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10
Q

What is conserved within families?

A

Fold, catalytic apparatus, and mechanisms are conserved within families

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11
Q

How many families are there in GH?

A

168

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12
Q

How many families are there in PL?

A

40

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13
Q

How many families are there in CE?

A

18

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14
Q

How many families are there in non-catalytic carbohydrate-binding modules?

A

87

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15
Q

How many families are there in Auxilary activities?

A

16

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16
Q

How many families are there in LPMO?

A

6

17
Q

How many families are there in GT?

A

111

18
Q

What 2 ways of acting can GH be classified as?

A

Endo or exo acting

19
Q

Describe endo acting GHs

A

They cleave the glycosidic bond in the middle of the chain releasing oligosaccharides

20
Q

Describe exo acting GHs

A

They cleave the glycosidic bond at the end of the chain releasing a monosaccharide
They normally work from the non-reducing end of a polysaccharide but some work from the reducing end

21
Q

What 2 ways of cleaving mechanism can GH be classified as?

A

Retaining or inverting

22
Q

Describe retaining GHs

A

They retain the anomeric configuration of the glycosidic bond

23
Q

Describe inverting GHs

A

They invert the anomeric configuration of the glycosidic bond

BIO2023 Cellular Biochemistry (16 decks)

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