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Disease and Defence > Environmental Disease Causes > Flashcards

Environmental Disease Causes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 categories of causes of environmental disease?

A
  • Infectious
  • Chemical
  • Physical
  • Nutritional
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2
Q

What are the types of chemicals which can cause disease?

A
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3
Q

Give an example of a chemical which can cause disease through allergy

A

Latex

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4
Q

What kind of diseases are caused by exposure of the following tissues to mutagens?

i) foetus/embryo
ii) somatic

A

i) birth defects
ii) Cancer

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5
Q

What are the subcategories of physical causes of disease?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Thermal
  • Dusts
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6
Q

How can inhalation of dusts cause reduction in lung function?

A
  • when the dust reaches the lungs it stimulates the action of macrophages
  • This causes inflammation and fibrosis
  • This causes the replacement of lung tissue with scar tissue
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7
Q

A man has been a coal miner for many years, suggest a disease he may be suffering from

A
  • Pneumoconiosis
  • Lung Cancer
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8
Q

What is the cause of farmer’s lung?

A

Mouldy hay dust

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9
Q

What is the greatest source of ionizing radiation?

A

Radon gas

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10
Q

How does ionizing radiation cause damage?

A

It produces free radicals

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11
Q

What are the effects of ionizing radiation on DNA?

A
  • Strand breaks
  • Cross links
  • Base changes
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12
Q

Which tissues are most affected by ionizing radiation?

A

Rapidly dividing

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13
Q

What is the effect of a low dose of acute radiation exposure?

A

Radiaition sickness

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14
Q

What is the effect of a high dose of acute radiation exposure?

A

Death

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15
Q

What are the effects of chronic exposure to ionising radiation?

A
  • Damage to blood vessels
  • Sterility
  • Lung Damage
  • Cancer (usually leukemia first)
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16
Q

Give an example of non-ionising radiation

A

UV light

17
Q

How does UV light cause damage?

A

It induces pyrimidine dimers in DNA so causes abnormal division

18
Q

What nutritional diseases are often found in less developed coutries?

A
  • Protein/energy malnutrition
  • Vitamin deficiencies
  • Trace element deficiencies
19
Q

What nutrional diseases are often found in industrialised countries?

A
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes
  • Cancer
  • Heart Disease
20
Q

What diseases does smoking play a large role in causing?

A
  • Cancers of lung, mouth, throat
  • Gastric ulcers
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Asthama and increased lung infections
21
Q
A

Disease and Defence (16 decks)

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