Diabetes Flashcards
What are the 4 types of diabetes?
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes
- Maturity onset diabetes of the young
- Neonatal diabetes
What causes maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY)?
Monogenic defects leading to defects of the beta cell
What causes neonatal diabetes?
Beta cell mutations leading to transient or permanent diabetes9
What is insulitis?
The autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells
What antibodies are typically first seen in the blood of diabetes patients?
Insulin antibodies
What occurs first in the development of type 1 diabetes?
There is a release of beta cell antigens
What do beta cells hyperexpress in type in diabetes?
Class 1 MHC
What do beta cells produce in type 1 diabetes?
Interferon alpha
What happens to the pancreas in type 1 diabetes?
- Decreased overall weight
- Exocrine atropy
- Heterogeneous lobular insulinitis
What is the name of the group of genes which are most important in type 1 diabetes?
HLA
Which Class of HLA is most important in type 1 diabetes?
Class II
What is type 1 diabetes characterised by?
- Susceptibility genes
- Prescence of multiple islet autoantibodies
- Environmental effects
Type 1 diabetes is increasing but genetic susceptibility is decreasing. Why might this be?
- Increasing environmental impact
- Genes other than HLA are involved
What technique is used to work out what genes play an important role in disease?
Genome Wide Association Study
What did the genome wide association study on diabetes find?
That the genes linked to type 1 and 2 diabetes are completely different
