Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Disease and Defence > B cells and antigen recognition > Flashcards

B cells and antigen recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Where do B lymphocytes differentiate?

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the major function of B lymphocytes?

A

To produce antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can antibodies bind to?

A
  • proteins
  • polysaccharides
  • small molecules such as toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many different constant regions are there?

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does papain cleave antibodies into?

A

Fc and Fab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 different isotypes of Ig?

A
  • IgM
  • IgG
  • IgA
  • IgE
  • IgD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which Ig isotype is never secreted?

A

IgD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which Ig isotypes are found in the plasma?

A

IgG and IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which Ig isotype is found in extracellular fluid and crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which Ig is mainly found in secretions?

A

IgA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the characteristics of IgM?

A
  • Produced 1st in response
  • Pentamer
  • Effective first defence against bacteria
  • Fairly low affinity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of IgG?

A
  • Produced late in the immune response
  • Most abundant
  • Crosses the placenta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many subtypes of IgG are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of IgA?

A
  • Produced late in the immune response
  • Can exist as monomers or dimers
  • Major Ig in secretions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which Ig is involved in the response to parasitic infections?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does IgE do?

A

Induces degranulation of mast cella and basophils

17
Q

What are the characteristics of IgD?

A
  • Found as a receptor on the surface of naive lymphocytes
  • Not secreted
  • Function unknown
18
Q

Which type of BCRs are found on naive B cells?

A

IgM and IgD

19
Q

What happens when B cells encounter an antigen for the 1st time?

A

It proliferates massively

20
Q

How are effector cells different to naive cells?

A

They are already class switched and quicker at reaching pathogens

21
Q

What does isotype switching involve?

A

Changing the C domain of the heavy chain at DNA level

22
Q

What are the 3 major functions of antibodies?

A
  • Neutralization
  • Opsonization
  • Complement fixation
23
Q

What are the 2 ways antibodies complete neutralisation?

A
  • Prevents bacteria and viruses from adhering to and infecting cells
  • Binding to toxins prevents cell damage
24
Q

Why is neutralisation specifically important in response to viruses/intracellular bacteria?

A

Blocks internalisation

25
Q

What is opsonization?

A

Where antibodies coat a bacteria to promote phagocytosis

26
Q

How does opsonization demonstrate a link between the adaptive and innate immune systems?

A

The coating of anitbodies enhances the action of the innate immune system (and phagocytosis) by extending recognition repetoir

27
Q

How does opsonization enhance the immune response?

A
  • Promotes phagocytosis
  • Activates natural killer cells
28
Q

What is complement?

A

A blood-borne group of proteins that form a proteolytic cascade in response to pathogen recognition

29
Q

Is complement part of the innate or adaptive immune response?

A

Innate

30
Q

What triggers the complement pathway?

A

Antibody-antigen complexes

31
Q

What are the 2 ways innate immune cells can be activated?

A
  • Activation of pattern recognition receptors as part of innate function
  • Activation of receptorsfor antibodies that are produced as part of the adaptive immune response
32
Q

How does complement kills pathogens?

A

It forms pores in the membranes to premealise the cell

33
Q

What is isotype switching?

A

The process by which the C domain of the heavy chain of an antibody is changed at the DNA level in order to change the class of immunoglobulin a particular antibody is

34
Q

Where does isotype switching occur?

A

In germinal centres in lymph nodes

35
Q

What do C3a and C5a do?

A

Powerful initiators of effector function

36
Q

What does C3b do?

A

It can label bacteria (provides an alternative to opsonisation

37
Q

What are the 2 effector functions of complement?

A
  • Can label bacteria
  • Forms a membrane attack complex
38
Q

Outline the general principles of how complement works

A
  • Complement proteins are activated by microbial surfaces or antibody-antigen complexes
  • This leads to the formation of proteases
  • Soluble factors are released
  • Membrane attack complex is formed

Disease and Defence (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions