Entrapped Gasses Flashcards
Define: Barotrauma
The pain which can result from excessive pressure differential caused by barometric changes.
Commonly experienced hen Eustachian tube becomes blocked, causing the war to be unable to equalise the pressure inside, pushing on the eardrum.
What causes barotrauma?
There are many cavities within the body that naturally contain gas and unless vented, the gas will expand and contract as ambient air pressure changes.
What are the symptoms of barotrauma?
- Discomfort, and in some cases, extreme pain, particularly in the ear, sinuses, gastrointestinal tract, teeth and lungs.
Explain the effects of trapped gasses in the ears with an increase in altitude.
Eustachian tube acts as a non-return valve. During a climb it opens to equalise pressure, but can close during descent under increasing pressure = barotrauma
Explain the effects of trapped gasses in the sinuses with an increase in altitude.
Can usually cope with decreasing pressure from ascent, but descending can cause problems.
How is barotrauma aggravated?
If the person has a cold/flu which blocks sinuses and Eustachian tube.
Explain the effects of trapped gasses in the teeth with an increase in altitude.
Gasses can become trapped in incomplete fillings or abscesses.
Explain the effects of trapped gasses in the lungs with an increase in altitude.
If you fail to breathe out during a sudden decompression, damage can occur.
How can barotrauma be prevented?
- Avoid flying with a head cold, severe hay fever or allergies or after dental work
- Avoid highly spiced foods, beer or baked beans as these will ferment more than most foods
How can barotrauma be treated?
- Valsalva technique for sinuses and ears
- If flying with a cold or hay fever, carry decongestant spray to help clear the nasal passage
- Sucking on lollies, chewing gum, yawning or swallowing
