eng211 Flashcards
what are the three Definitions of Learning
- Gardener Murphy
- Henry P. Smith
- Crow & crow
who states that “The term learning covers every modification in behaviour to meet environmental requirements.”
Gardener Murphy:
who states “Learning is the acquisition of new behaviour or the strengthening or weakening of old behaviour as the result of experience.”
Henry P. Smith
who states “Learning is the acquisition of habits, knowledge & attitudes. It involves new ways of doing things and it operates in individuals attempts to overcome obstacles or to adjust to new situations. It represents progressive changes in behaviour.
Crow & crow
GIVE THE 10 NATURE OF LEARNING
- Learning is Universal
- Learning is through Experience
- Learning is from all Sides:
- Learning is Continuous.
- It results in Change in Behaviour.
- Learning is an Adjustment.
- It comes about as a result of practice.
- Learning is a relatively Permanent Change.
- Learning as Growth and Development.
- Learning is not directly observable.
Every creature that lives learns. Man learns most. The human nervous system is very complex, so are human reactions and so are human acquisition. Positive learning vital for children’s growth and development.
Learning is Universal.
Learning always involves some kind of experience, direct or indirect (vicarious).
Learning is through Experience.
Today learning is from all sides. Children learn from parents, teachers, environment, nature, media etc.
Learning is from all Sides
Today learning is from all sides. Children learn from parents, teachers, environment, nature, media etc.
Learning is from all Sides
It denotes the lifelong nature of learning. Every day new situations are faced and the individual has to bring essential changes in his style of behaviour adopted to tackle them. Learning is birth to death
Learning is Continuous
It is a change of behaviour influenced by previous behaviour. It is any activity that leaves a more or less permanent effect on later activity.
It results in Change in Behaviour
Learning helps the individual to adjust himself adequately to the new situations. Most learning in children consists in modifying, adapting, and developing their original nature. In later life the individuals acquire new forms of behaviour.
Learning is an Adjustment.
It is the basis of drill and practice. It has been proven that students learn best and retain information longer when they have meaningful practice and repetition. Every time practice occurs, learning continues.
It comes about as a result of practice.
After a rat wake up from his nap he still remembers the path to the food. Even if you have been on a bicycle for years, in just a few minutes practice you can be quite proficient again
Learning is a relatively Permanent Change
It is never ending growth and development. At reach stage the learner acquires new visions of his future growth and news ideals of achievement in the direction of his effort. According to Woodworth, “All activity can be called learning so far as it develops the individual.”
Learning as Growth and Development
The only way to study learning is through some observable behaviour. Actually, we cannot observe learning; we see only what precedes performance, the performance itself, and the consequences of performance.
Learning is not directly observable
is a process which can take place at any period of one’s life.
Language acquisition
According to (?), acquisition involves the subconscious acceptance of knowledge where information is stored in the brain through the use of communication;
Krashen
is the conscious acceptance of knowledge “about” a language (i.e. the grammar or form).
Learning
(?) states that this is often the product of formal language instruction.
Krashen
is carried out in the first years of childhood and leads to unconscious knowledge of one’s native language which is practically indelible.
Acquisition
is done later (after puberty) and is characterized by imperfection and the likelihood of being forgotten. Learning leads to conscious knowledge.
Learning (of a second language)
