Energy, ATP and Cellular respiration

Question 1

Forms of energy (2)

Answer 1

Kinetic (energy of movement)

Potential energy (stored energy)

Question 2

Forms of energy for Kinetic and potential energy

Answer 2

Chemical
Mechanical
electrical (moving electrons)
radiant (heat and light)
gravitational
nuclear

Question 3

Cellular respiration can occur in two ways

Answer 3

Aerobic Respiration, (requires oxygen)

Anaerobic respiration (does not require oxygen)

Question 4

Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic Respiration first step

Answer 4

Glycolysis (does not require oxygen

Enzymes —> Glucose molecules —> 2 pyruvic acid and 2 ATP for cell

Question 5

Aerobic Respiration Second step

Answer 5

In mitochondria (requires oxygen)

2 pyruvic acid molecules —> heat + CO2 in citic cycle —> H2O + Heat in electron transport chain —> produces 32 ATP for cell

Question 6

Anaerobic Respiration Second Step

Answer 6

Not in the mitochondria (insufficient oxygen)

2 pyruvic acid molecules —-> lactic acid —-> only 2 ATP produce per glucose

Lactic acid accumulates in the muscles –> stops them working

Process supplies energy for short durations

Question 7

Aerobic and Anaerobic summary

Answer 7

Many cells change from aerobic respiration to Anaerobic respiration when the oxygen supply is inadequate for the electron transport chain to run.

This causes a build-up of lactic acid in the cell. Only a small amount of ATP (2) is produced

The lactic acid is transported to the liver later, when the oxygen supply is adequate, it is converted back to pyruvic acid which can then enter the liver cells.

Once in the mitochondria, the pyruvic acid is broken down to CO2 and Heat in the citric acid cycle and then to H2O and heat in the electron transport chain. These processes produce enough energy to make another 32 ATP.

The net energy released from the breaking of the bonds in glucose is stored as ATP in the cell.

Question 8

Hydrolysis definition

Answer 8

A chemical change in which a large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules by reaction with water.