Cell Structure and Function, Tissues

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

Arranged along the chromosome are the units of heredity, the genes. The genes control the synthesis of proteins in the cell

Question 2

Cytoskeleton (2)

Answer 2

Microfilaments- provide structural support and shape to eukaryotic cells.

Microtubules- support the cell, involved in intracellular transport, cell division, and formation of microvilli, cilia, and flagella.

Question 3

Centrioles

Answer 3

Help separate duplicated chromosomes during mitosis

Question 4

Cell Membrane Structures

Answer 4

Microvilli, Flagella, and Cilia

Question 5

Microvilli

Answer 5

Increases surface area of the cell for absorption and secretion.

Question 6

Flagella

Answer 6

Beats to propel the sperm cell towards the ovum

Question 7

Cilia

Answer 7

Tiny hair-like extensions on the surface of cells, (e.g. the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles) beat and move the dust-laden layer of mucus out of the airways to keep the lungs clean

Question 8

Tissue Definition

Answer 8

Tissues are a group of cells and their intercellular material acting together to carry out a particular function

Question 9

4 main types of tissues

Answer 9

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

Question 10

Epithelial Tissue, Location

Answer 10

Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, body cavities, and ducts and forms glands.

Question 11

Epithelial Tissue, functions (3)

Answer 11

Selective barrier (of materials in and out of the body)

Secretory surface that releases products

Protective surface against the environment.

Question 12

Epithelial Tissue, examples- Simple squamous epithelium

Answer 12

single layer, therefore, has no resistance to wear and tear.

Locations: filtering units of Kidneys, air sacs in the lungs, and blood capillaries.

Functions: allow rapid diffusion of substances such as O2 and CO2, plus osmosis and filtration.

Question 13

Epithelial Tissue, examples- Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 13

Either keratinized or non-keratinized.

Keratinized: cell contains protein keratin, which makes the tissue waterproof and very resistant to wear and tear.
Location: superficial layers of the skin.

Non-keratinized: Cells do not contain keratin.
Location: Lining wet surfaces which are exposed to the exterior e.g. mouth.

Question 14

Connective tissue, functions (3)

Answer 14

Protecting, Supporting and Binding organs,

Storing energy as fat

Providing immunity.

Question 15

Connective tissue, examples- Dense regular connective tissue

Answer 15

Appearance: Regularly arranged in parallel patterns (collagen fibers).

Function: provide strong attachment between structures (e.g. muscles and bones) in one direction.

Location: tendons and ligaments

Question 16

Connective tissue, examples- Hyaline (3)

Answer 16

Appearance: A lot of ground substances and collagen fibers, but few cells.

Function: Absorb shock, reduce the friction of joints, flexibility and support.

Location: the tip of the nose, forms rings around the trachea, joining ribs to the sternum,

Question 17

Skeletal muscle

Answer 17

Type of nervous control: Voluntary

Location: Attached to skeletal bones

Function: Producing body movements and maintaining posture

Question 18

Cardiac muscle

Answer 18

Type of nervous control: Involuntary

Location: Wall of heart

Function: Pump blood

Question 19

Smooth muscle

Answer 19

Type of nervous control: Involuntary

Location: Walls of hollow internal organs

Function: Move substances through internal organs

Question 20

Neuroglia function

Answer 20

support, protect, and nurture neurons