energy and metabolism: how cells harvest energy

Question 1

what are Autotrophs?

Answer 1

(self feeding animals) sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms

Question 2

what produces the biosphere?

Answer 2

Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere, producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules

Question 3

what are most plants?

Answer 3

Almost all plants are photoautotrophs (if they’re green) , using the energy of sunlight to make organic molecules

Question 4

what is Photosynthesis? and what does it transform the solar energy into?

Answer 4

Photosynthesis is the 
process that converts solar 
energy into chemical energy
transforms it into glucose and oxygen

Question 5

what are Heterotrophs?

Answer 5

organisms that obtain their organic material from other organisms

Question 6

what do all Heterotrophs and humans depend on?

Answer 6

depend on photoautotrophs for food and O2

Question 7

what process is Photosynthesis?

Answer 7

is a redox process in which H2O is oxidized and CO2 is reduced

Question 8

is photosynthesis an endergonic or exergonic process?

Answer 8

it is an endergonic process; the energy boost is provided by sun-light

Question 9

what are oxidation-reduction reactions, or redox reactions?

Answer 9

Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants

Question 10

what happens in oxidation? (LEO the lion says GER)

Answer 10

a substance loses electrons, or is oxidized (lose electrons oxidized)

Question 11

what happens in reduction? (LEO the lion says GER)

Answer 11

a substance gains electrons, or is reduced (the amount of positive charge is reduced) (gain electron reduced)

Question 12

what are three main energy carried that transfer electrons in redox reactions?

Answer 12

1. NAD+
2. FAD
3. ATP

Question 13

3 reasons why Cells will extract energy from glucose (glucose is oxidized)

Answer 13

1. Energy is stored within the bonds of molecules
2. Bonds are formed by electrons
3. As electrons move energy states change

Question 14

why is glucose oxidized?

Answer 14

Electrons are stripped away and than transferred to energy carrying molecules (NAD+ and FAD)

Question 15

what will Reduced forms NADH and FADH2 do?

Answer 15

transfer electrons to a series of proteins which are used to produce ATP

Question 16

what metabolic pathway helps produce ATP?

Answer 16

Catabolic Pathways

Question 17

what is the breakdown of organic molecules?

Answer 17

exergonic

Question 18

what is Aerobic respiration?

Answer 18

consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP

Question 19

what is Fermentation

Answer 19

is a partial degradation of sugars that occurs without O2

Question 20

what is the difference between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration

Answer 20

Anaerobic respiration consumes compounds other than O2

Question 21

what does Cellular respiration include?

Answer 21

includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration

Question 22

what is another fuel source besides carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

Answer 22

cellular respiration with the sugar glucose

Question 23

what does the The transfer of electrons during chemical reactions do?

Answer 23

releases energy stored in organic molecules

Question 24

what are the Steps of Cellular Respiration (2)

Answer 24

1. Cells receive glucose and oxygen

2. Release the energy of glucose slowly to create ATP

Question 25

what are the 4 processes involved in the slow release of energy

Answer 25

1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate oxidation
3. Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron transport chain)

Question 26

what is an Ancient biochemical pathway used by ALL living creatures on the planet

Answer 26

Glycolysis (unifying feature of all life)