Endocrinology - Endocrinología Flashcards

1
Q

hyperglycemia

A

hiperglicemia, excess of sugar in blood

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2
Q

hypoglycemia

A

hipoglicemia, deficient sugar in blood

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3
Q

hypercalcemia

A

hipercalciemia, excess of calcium in blood

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4
Q

hypocalcemia

A

hipocalciemia, deficient calcium in blood

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5
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

diabetes sacarina

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6
Q

fasting blood sugar

A

prueba de glucemia en ayunas

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7
Q

polydipsia

A

polidipsia, abnormal state of increased thirst

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8
Q

exophthalmos

A

exoftalmos or exoftalmia, abnormal protrusion of eyeball due to thyroid disease

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9
Q

thyroxine level (T4)

A

prueba del nivel de tiroxina o tetrayodotironina

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10
Q

hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

A

hipertiroidismo, excessive thyroid gland activity

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11
Q

hypothyroidism

A

hipotiroidismo, deficient thyroid gland activity

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12
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

síndrome de Cushing, increased production of cortisol causes abnormally pigmented skin, moon face, pads of fat, fat on upper back, wasting away muscle

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13
Q

hyperkalemia

A

hiperpotasiemia, excess of potassium in blood

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14
Q

hypokalemia

A

hipopotasiemia, deficient potassium in blood

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15
Q

hyponatremia

A

hiponatremia, deficient sodium in blood

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16
Q

thyroiditis

A

tiroiditis, inflammation of thyroid

17
Q

adenectomy

A

adenectomía, excision of gland

18
Q

thyroidectomy

A

tiroidectomía, excision of thyroid gland

19
Q

adrenalectomy

A

suprarrenalectomía, excision of one or both adrenal glands

20
Q

Graves disease

A

enfermedad de Graves-Basedow, disorder of thyroid gland that causes hyperthyroidism, goiter & exophthalmos

21
Q

Diabetic acidosis AKA diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A

Develops when acidic substances known as ketone bodies, build up in the body. This occurs with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes

22
Q

dwarfism

A

adult stature of less than 4’10”. due to more than 200 different medical conditions. achondroplasia is most common, followed by pituitary dwarfism–growth hormone deficiency

23
Q

gigantism

A

massive growth before growth plates have closed. abnormality in pituitary gland resulting in over-production of HGH

24
Q

acromegaly

A

developing big hands, feet, chin and nose in adulthood. caused by excessive HGH

25
Q

central diabetes insipidus

A

pituitary gland does not produce enough ADH, so body cannot retain enough sodium and water

26
Q

cretinism

A

sever hypothryoidism in young children, causing combination of growth failure and mental retardation. can be related to autoimmune disease

27
Q

hypoparathyroidism

A

underactive parathyroid gland. muscle twitches, spasms, convulsion, abdominal pain, cataracts

28
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

overactive parathyoid gland. high blood calcium levels, unspecific symptoms

29
Q

Addison’s disease

A

type of adrenal gland failure. adrenal glands don’t produce enough steroid hormones

30
Q

test strip

A

tira reactiva, tira de ensayo

31
Q

lancet

A

lanceta

32
Q

alcohol prep pad

A

almohadilla de alcohol