Digestive System - Sistema Digestivo Flashcards
Peritoneum
Peritoneo, serous saclike lining in abdominal and pelvic cavities
Crohn’s Disease
Enfermedad de Crohn; inflammation of intestinal tract–affecting ileum, causing ulcerations & scar tissue; AKA regional ileitis or regional enteritis
Anastomosis
Anastomosis; opening created by surgery joining 2 structures, i.e. blood vessels or bowel segments
Upper GI series
Tránsito gastroduodenal or esofagogastroduodenal or Análisis del tubo digestivo superior; radiography of stomach & duodenum after swallowing barium
Fecal occult blood test
Prueba de hemorragia digestiva oculta; test for blood in feces, under mircroscope
Peristalsis
Peristaltismo; wavelike contractions that propel food along digestive tract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Síndrome del colon irritable; diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain
Adhesion
Adherencia, brida; abnormal growing together of 2 surfaces that are normally separate
Alimentary canal
Canal alimenticio; digestive or GI tract
Cirrhosis
Cirrosis; chronic liver disease–destruction of cells & formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholism
Cholelithiasis
Colelitiasis; gall stones
Colon
Colon; has 4 parts: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
Pancreas
Páncreas; helps in digestion–secretes insulin to metabolize carbs
Aphagia
Afagia; inability to swallow
Colorectal
Colorrectal; pertaining to colon & rectum
Dyspepsia
Dispepsia; difficult digestion
Dysphagia
Disfagia; difficult swallowing
Melena
Melena; black, tarry stool with digested blood
Bowel
Entrañas
Bariatric surgery
Cirugía bariátrica; i.e. gastric bypass surgery
Constipated
Estreñido
Heartburn
Acidez, agruras (colloq)
Waste products
Desperdicias
Duodenum
Duodeno; 1st 10-12 inches of small intestine
Liver
Hígado; produces bile (bilis) to digest fats & performs other digestive functions. Makes plasma proteins, heparin; destroys old RBCs; breaks down poisons; collects, processes & stores nutrients; makes bile
Cholecystitis
Colecistitis; inflammation of gall bladder
To have indigestion from overeating
Estar entripado
Barium enema
Enema de bario
Indigestion
Indigestión
Constipation
Estreñimiento
sub-acute bowel obstruction
bowels are almost completely blocked and food cannot pass through
pyloric valve
opening between stomach and small intestine
diverticulitis
inflammation of small blind pouches (diverticula) in living of colon. can cause infections, tears & blockages
gallstones
solid particles that form from bile in gallbladder. caused by crystallization of cholesterol or excess bilirubin pigment stones
peritonitis
acute inflammation of the peritoneum
ulcerative colitis
inflammatory bowel disease in which there is ongoing inflammation and sores in the large intestine and rectum
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
tube inserted into duodenum and dye injected to take X-ray of bile ducts
percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
dye injected to take X-ray of liver and bile ducts
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
MRI used to obtain pictures of bile ducts
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube
inserted through gastrostomy (alternative to eating by mouth)
Hepatitis inducida por el alcohol
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Ampula de Vater
Ampulla of Vater; also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla,or as hepatopancreatic duct, is formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct. The ampulla is specifically located at the major duodenal papilla.
ciego (body part)
cecum
quimo
chyme; liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes.
conducto cístico
cystic duct; The cystic duct is an important player in the digestive process. The system needs bile to help break down food and the cystic ducttransfers bile between the gallbladder and common and hepatic bileducts.
yeyuno
jejunum;the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum
