Endocrine System Flashcards
Another main communication system. It includes glands that secrete hormones that alter cell metabolism.
Endocrine System
A type of cell that responds to a particular type of hormones. Inside or on the surface of the cell includes a receptor protein that binds into a specific type of hormone.
Target Cells
Almond sized part of the brain that stimulates or inhibits the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. It also produces two hormones that are either stored or released by the posterior pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
The gland that produces melatonin to maintain the sleep cycle.
Pineal Gland
The two-lobed structure in the neck. It secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine that increases metabolic rate. It also produces calcitonin which decreases blood calcium level by increasing the deposition of calcium in bone.
Thyroid gland
Four small groups of cells embedded behind the thyroid gland. When these cells detect low blood calcium, It will secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH). These hormones will increase the calcium levels in the blood by releasing calcium from bones.
Parathyroid gland.
Walnut-sized that sit on top of the kidney. It regulates kidney function and helps the body responds to short term stresses.
Adrenal Glands
The hormones of the adrenal medulla that helps the body to respond in short term stresses such as exercise, fear, and trauma.
epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
The hormones of adrenal cortex that helps maintain blood volume and salt balance in our kidneys.
mineralocorticods
The hormones of adrenal cortex that helps releases energy reserves from liver and fat cells by stimulating production of glucose from amino acids, constricts blood vessels after an injury, but it also suppresses the immune system to prevent swelling of an injury.
Glucocorticods
Elongated gland located beneath the stomach. It secretes insulin and glucagon.
Pancreas
Stimulates cells throughout the body to absorb glucose from the bloodstream.
Insulin
Stimulates target cells in the liver to break down stored glycogen and release glucose in the bloodstream.
Glucagon
Small brain structure near the hypothalamus that produces the hormone melatonin.
Pineal gland
Darkness stimulates ______ synthesis whereas exposing the eye to light inhibits _______ production.
The amount of this hormones tells the body how much light our eyes are recieving. It sets the “mood” for the regulation of sleep-wake cycles.
Melatonin
