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Biology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep and mood among other things

A

endocrine system

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2
Q

controls the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

hypothalamus produces (the girl grew dope corn seeds)

A 
thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
somatostatin 
dopamine
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4
Q

stimulates anterior pituitary gland release of thyroid stimulating hormone (THS)

the master regulator of thyroid gland growth and function

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone

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5
Q

stimulates anterior pituitary gland release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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6
Q

stimulates anterior pituitary gland release of growth hormone (GH)

A

growth hormone-releasing hormone

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7
Q

stimulates anterior pituitary gland release of adrenocotricotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

corticotropin-releasing hormone

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8
Q

decreases the amount of released GH and TSH

A

somatostatin

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9
Q

decreases the amount of released prolactin, activates “reward centers” of brain

A

dopamine

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10
Q

regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, reproduction, and lactation

A

anterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

anterior pituitary gland produces (the lizard ate gross frogs)

A 
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
growth hormone (GH)
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12
Q

stimulates thyroxin release from the thyroid gland

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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13
Q

promotes estrogen production, progesterone production, and ovulation in females; promotes testosterone release in males

A

luteinizing hormone (LH)

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14
Q

promotes hormone release by the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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15
Q

promotes the development of eggs and follicles in females, promotes testosterone production in males

A

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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16
Q

promotes growth of bones and muscles

A

growth hormone

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17
Q

promotes milk production in breasts

A

prolactin

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18
Q

secretes the hormone oxytocin which increases uterine contractions and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) which increases reabsorption of water by the tubules of the kidney

A

posterior pituitary gland

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19
Q

posterior pituitary gland produces

A

vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

oxytocin

20
Q

maintains blood pressure by increasing kidney fluid retention

A

vasopressin or anti-diuretic hormone

21
Q

stimulates contractions of the uterus at birth, stimulates the release of milk when a baby suckles

A

oxytocin

22
Q

to regulate your metabolism, which is your body’s ability to break down food and convert it to energy

A

thyroid gland

23
Q

thyroid gland produces

A

thyroxine

calcitonin

24
Q

increases energy expended during rest periods (basal metabolic rate or BMR)

A

thyroxine

25
Q

reduces blood calcium concentration levels

A

calcitonin

26
Q

regulating your body’s levels of the minerals calcium and phosphorus

A

parathyroid gland

27
Q

parathyroid gland produces

A

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

28
Q

increases calcium absorption in the small intestine and increases calcium release rate from bones

A

parathyroid hormone

29
Q

adrenal cortex produces

A

cortisol

aldosterone

30
Q

has anti-inflammatory properties, regulates the immune system

A

cortisol

31
Q

raises level of sodium in blood

A

aldosterone

32
Q

pancrease produces

A

insulin

glucagon

33
Q

lowers blood sugar levels when necessary

A

insulin

34
Q

raises blood sugar levels when necessary

A

glucagon

35
Q

adrenal medulla produces

A

adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

36
Q

produces the stress hormones in a fight-or-flight situation

A

adrenal medulla

37
Q

increases heart rate and blood sugar levels, relaxes breathing muscles to improve breathing (effect more on heart)

A

adrenal (epinephrine)

38
Q

increases heart rate and blood sugar levels, increases blood pressure by narrowing blood vessels (effect more on blood vessels)

A

noradrenaline (norepinephrine)

39
Q

pineal gland produces

A

melatonin

40
Q

regulates circadian rhythms or sleep cycles

A

melatonin

41
Q

ovaries produce

A

estrogen (estradiol)

42
Q

primary female sex hormone

development of female reproductive system and secondary characteristics

A

estrogen

43
Q

corpus luteum releases

A

progesterone

44
Q

regulates the menstrual cycle and crucial for pregnancy

A

progesterone

45
Q

testes produces

A

androgens

46
Q

causes development of secondary male characteristics ike sperm cell production

A

androgen

Biology (25 decks)

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