Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biomolecules > Flashcards

Biomolecules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

sugars and polymers of sugars, composed of carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxide group (-OH)

main source of energy for cell metabolism

composed of simple repeating units called sugars or monosaccharides

A

carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

elements of carbohydrates

A

C H O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

1 sugar unit, the simplest carbohydrate with basic formula (CH2O)n

single carbon skeleton

A

monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A

glucose, galactose, fructose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two monosaccharides linked together by a GLYCOSIDIC bond

A

disaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

examples of dissaccharide

A

maltose

sucrose

lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glucose + glucose

A

maltos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glucose + fructose

A

sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

glucose + galactose

A

lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

many sugar units linked by glycosidic bond

several linked monosaccharides

A

polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chains of glucose units only, main stored energy in PLANTS

A

starch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

main component of a plant cell wall (structural support)

A

cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

material of EXOSKELETON of arthropods

A

chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

examples of polysaccharide

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

made up if carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but contains very little O compared to C and H

hydrophobic nonpolar hydrocarbon molecules

A

lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

insoluble or barely soluble in water

A

lipid

18
Q

molecules used to store energy composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

consist of glycerol connected to a fatty acid through an ester linkage

A

fats

19
Q

contains a cis-double bond in the fatty acid, liquid at room temperature

also called OILS

1 or more C double bonds

A

unsaturated

20
Q

contains a trans-double bond in the fatty acid

A

trans fat

21
Q

lipids with a phosphate group attached to the glycerol has a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end

compose the cell membrane

main component of all cell membranes in all organisms

composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and phosphate residue

A

phospholipid

22
Q

one end is water loving (phosphate) and the other end is water fearing (glycerol and fatty acid)

A

amphipathic molecule

23
Q

carbon skeleton is composed of four fused rings

component of cell membranes (cholesterol)

sex hormones

A

steroids

24
Q

monomer of lipids

A

fatty acid or glycerol

25
Q

element of lipid

A

C H O

26
Q

most diverse biomolecule in terms of structure and in terms of function

consist of one or more chains of amino acid

A

proteins

27
Q

consists of an animo group and carboxyl group

A

amino acid

28
Q

how many kinds of amino acids are there

A

20

29
Q

structured as chains of amino acids linked by PEPTIDE bond folded into unique 3d shapes, and held by different molecular forces and bonds

A

proteins

30
Q

element of protein

A

C H O N

31
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

32
Q

carry and interpret genetic information

polymers of nucleotides (DNA and RNA)

A

nucleic acids

33
Q

monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotides

34
Q

contains a nitrogenous base (Purines or Pyrimidines), five carbon sugar and phosphate group

A

nucleotide

35
Q

pyrimidines

A

cytosine thymine uracil

36
Q

purines

A

adenine guanine

37
Q

monomer of nucleic acid

A

nucleotide

38
Q

short-term energy storage

quick-release energy

A

carbohydrates

39
Q

long-term energy storage

insulation

protection (e.g. cell membranes)

A

lipids

40
Q

store and transmit genetic information

A

nucleic acid

41
Q

enzymes regulate cell process, structural integrity, transport

A

protein

42
Q

examples of protein

A

hemoglobin, keratin, collagen, enzymes (usually ends in –ase)

Biology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions