Classification of Living Things Flashcards
classification of life
domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species
3 domain system of classification
- domain eukaryota
- domain archaea
- domain bacteria
domain eukaryota
eukaryotic organisms
domain archaea
prokaryotes that have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls
domain bacteria
prokaryotes that have peptidoglycan in their cell walls
prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria)
have no true nucleus and mitochondria
have circular chromosomes
fast reproduction, allowing for quick adaptive evolution
multiple modes of nutrition (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, heterotrophy)
eukaryotes (eukaryote)
cells have enclosed nucleus within membranes
single-celled or multi-celled
4 kingdoms of eukaryotes
- kingdom protista
- kingdom plantae
- kingdom animalia
- kingdom fungi
kingdom protista (protists)
eukaryotic, single-celled
multiple modes of nutrition
water-based environment
example: amoebas; most algae and slime molds
endosymbiosis
engulfing of unicellular cells by another cell, eventually becoming an organelle of it
animal-like protists
include amoeba and other ancestors of animal and fungi
plant-like protists
photosynthetic protists that arose from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria, includes algae
kingdom plantae (plants)
includes all plants on earth
multicellular, eukaryotes and consist of rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane called cell wall
bryophytes
vascular system: no
seed bearing: no
seed-encasement: —
ferns
vascular system: yes
seed-bearing: no (spore-bearing)
seed-encasement: –
gymnosperms
vascular system: yes
seed-bearing: yes
seed-encasement: cones
angiosperms
vascular system: yes
seed-bearing: yes
seed-encasement: fruits
bryophytes
land plants with no vascular system, consist of liverworts, hornworts and mosses
ferns
majority of plants during Carboniferous Period (major source of fossil fuels) reproduce using spores
gymnosperms
cone-bearing plants that have seeds with unenclosed ovaries
angiosperms
seeds grow inside a fruit (encasement that is matured ovary of the FLOWER)
monocots
angiosperms that only have one cotyledon in the seed
dicots
angiosperms with two cotyledons in the seed
monocot (seed, root, vascular, leaf, and flower)
seed: one cotyledon
root: fibrous root
vascular: scattered
leaf: parallel veins
flower: multiples of tree
dicot (seed, root, vascular, leaf, and flower)
seed: two cotyledon
root: tap root
vascular: ringed
leaf: net-like veins
flower: 4 or 5
kingdom fungi
heterotrophs that feed sexually through spores; asexually through budding, fragmentation, or spores
kingdom animalia
ingest food and uses enzymes to digest it into smaller molecules
multicellular eukaryotes containing collagen in their cells for structural support
have cell walls with nucleus but no cell wall or chloroplasts
some animals (vertebrae) have backbones; others are invertebraes
four characteristics of chordates
- notochords
- dorsal, hollow nerve cord
- pharyngeal silts
- post-anal tail (may be lost in adult stages)
vertebraes
organisms with backbone
fish
first organisms to develop jaws, live in aquatic environments
amphibians
first four-limbed organisms (tetrapods), live both in land and water
reptiles
lay terrestrial amniotic eggs, ectothermic (obtain heat from external sources)
birds
lay eggs, have feathers, endothermic (maintains body temp)
mammals
endothermic, have mammary glands which produce milk
