Classification of Living Things

Question 1

classification of life

Answer 1

domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order - family - genus - species

Question 2

3 domain system of classification

Answer 2

1. domain eukaryota
2. domain archaea
3. domain bacteria

Question 3

domain eukaryota

Answer 3

eukaryotic organisms

Question 4

domain archaea

Answer 4

prokaryotes that have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Question 5

domain bacteria

Answer 5

prokaryotes that have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

Question 6

prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria)

Answer 6

have no true nucleus and mitochondria

have circular chromosomes

fast reproduction, allowing for quick adaptive evolution

multiple modes of nutrition (photosynthesis, chemosynthesis, heterotrophy)

Question 7

eukaryotes (eukaryote)

Answer 7

cells have enclosed nucleus within membranes

single-celled or multi-celled

Question 8

4 kingdoms of eukaryotes

Answer 8

1. kingdom protista
2. kingdom plantae
3. kingdom animalia
4. kingdom fungi

Question 9

kingdom protista (protists)

Answer 9

eukaryotic, single-celled

multiple modes of nutrition

water-based environment

example: amoebas; most algae and slime molds

Question 10

endosymbiosis

Answer 10

engulfing of unicellular cells by another cell, eventually becoming an organelle of it

Question 11

animal-like protists

Answer 11

include amoeba and other ancestors of animal and fungi

Question 12

plant-like protists

Answer 12

photosynthetic protists that arose from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria, includes algae

Question 13

kingdom plantae (plants)

Answer 13

includes all plants on earth

multicellular, eukaryotes and consist of rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane called cell wall

Question 14

bryophytes

Answer 14

vascular system: no

seed bearing: no

seed-encasement: —

Question 15

ferns

Answer 15

vascular system: yes

seed-bearing: no (spore-bearing)

seed-encasement: –

Question 16

gymnosperms

Answer 16

vascular system: yes

seed-bearing: yes

seed-encasement: cones

Question 17

angiosperms

Answer 17

vascular system: yes

seed-bearing: yes

seed-encasement: fruits

Question 18

bryophytes

Answer 18

land plants with no vascular system, consist of liverworts, hornworts and mosses

Question 19

ferns

Answer 19

majority of plants during Carboniferous Period (major source of fossil fuels) reproduce using spores

Question 20

gymnosperms

Answer 20

cone-bearing plants that have seeds with unenclosed ovaries

Question 21

angiosperms

Answer 21

seeds grow inside a fruit (encasement that is matured ovary of the FLOWER)

Question 22

monocots

Answer 22

angiosperms that only have one cotyledon in the seed

Question 23

dicots

Answer 23

angiosperms with two cotyledons in the seed

Question 24

monocot (seed, root, vascular, leaf, and flower)

Answer 24

seed: one cotyledon
root: fibrous root
vascular: scattered
leaf: parallel veins
flower: multiples of tree

Question 25

dicot (seed, root, vascular, leaf, and flower)

Answer 25

seed: two cotyledon
root: tap root
vascular: ringed
leaf: net-like veins
flower: 4 or 5

Question 26

kingdom fungi

Answer 26

heterotrophs that feed sexually through spores; asexually through budding, fragmentation, or spores

Question 27

kingdom animalia

Answer 27

ingest food and uses enzymes to digest it into smaller molecules

multicellular eukaryotes containing collagen in their cells for structural support

have cell walls with nucleus but no cell wall or chloroplasts

some animals (vertebrae) have backbones; others are invertebraes

Question 28

four characteristics of chordates

Answer 28

• notochords
• dorsal, hollow nerve cord
• pharyngeal silts
• post-anal tail (may be lost in adult stages)

Question 29

vertebraes

Answer 29

organisms with backbone

Question 30

fish

Answer 30

first organisms to develop jaws, live in aquatic environments

Question 31

amphibians

Answer 31

first four-limbed organisms (tetrapods), live both in land and water

Question 32

reptiles

Answer 32

lay terrestrial amniotic eggs, ectothermic (obtain heat from external sources)

Question 33

birds

Answer 33

lay eggs, have feathers, endothermic (maintains body temp)

Question 34

mammals

Answer 34

endothermic, have mammary glands which produce milk