Ecology

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

study of relationships and interactions among organisms with their environment

Question 2

levels of biological organization

Answer 2

population - community - ecosystem - biome

Question 3

population

Answer 3

group of organisms of the same species living in the same location/area

Question 4

population ecology

Answer 4

• population density
• immigrants
• emigrants
• carrying capacity

Question 5

population growth formula

Answer 5

(births - deaths) + (immigrants - emigrants)

Question 6

population density

Answer 6

number of organisms divided by area

Question 7

immigrants

Answer 7

individuals arriving in the area

Question 8

emigrants

Answer 8

individuals leaving the area

Question 9

carrying capacity

Answer 9

maximum population an area can support

Question 10

community

Answer 10

group of different populations living in an area

Question 11

community ecology

Answer 11

interspecific interactions:

1. commensalism
2. mutualism
3. parasitism
4. predation

Question 12

commensalism

Answer 12

one species benefits, the other is hardly affected

Question 13

mutualism

Answer 13

both species benefits

Question 14

parasitism

Answer 14

the parasite gets food or nourishment from the host; the host is negatively affected

Question 15

predation

Answer 15

predator eats and kills prey

Question 16

competitive exclusion

Answer 16

survival of only one between or among two or more species competing for identical resources in a particular habitat

Question 17

ecosystem

Answer 17

all organisms living in a particular area in their environment

Question 18

biome

Answer 18

group of ecosystems that are each characterized by a unique set of abiotic factors such as climate and defined by dominant communities

example:

tropical rainforest
savanna
desert
temperate grassland
coniferous forest
tundra

Question 19

biotic factors

Answer 19

biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem

includes other living organisms that an organism might interact with

Question 20

abiotic factor

Answer 20

physical or nonliving factor

includes temperature, humidity, sunlight, soil etc

Question 21

niche

Answer 21

organism’s occupation or its role to ecosystem

Question 22

flow of matter and energy in ecosystem

Answer 22

producers or autotrophs

consumer or heterotrophs

decomposers or final consumers

Question 23

producers or autotrophs

Answer 23

use energy from environment (sunlight, mineral water) to produce complex organic molecules necessary for tissue production in

example: plants, algae and plankton

Question 24

consumers or heterotrophs

Answer 24

organisms that rely on other organisms for their food and energy supply

human, shark, fish etc

Question 25

decomposers or final consumers

Answer 25

feed on organic wastes and dead organisms and recycles their nutrients to the environment

fungi and some bacteria

Question 26

food chain

Answer 26

series of steps in which energy is transferred among organisms by eating and being eaten

energy exchange in a community as it goes up to different trophic levels

plants - herbivores - carnivores

Question 27

trophic level

Answer 27

each step in the food chain

each consumers depends on this for energy

Question 28

food web

Answer 28

a network of complex eating relationships of organisms

• links all the food chains in an ecosystem

Question 29

biosphere

Answer 29

the global ecosystem, the union of all earth’s biomes and ecosystem