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biology 30 > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

extracellular fluid

A

nutrients/waste exchange
-surrounds each cell in the body
-correct temp/pH/humidity for membrane functions
-allows for cellular communication

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2
Q

hormones

A

cellular communication/chemical messengers
-sythesized by glands
-into bloodstream
-affect certain cells

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3
Q

nervous system communicates through

A

nerves

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4
Q

endocrine system communicates through

A

hormones

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5
Q

‘not a target cell’

A

cell that doesn’t have correct receptor

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6
Q

secreting cells

A

cells releasing hormone through glands into bloodstream

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7
Q

target cell

A

cells receiving hormone due to correct receptor shape
-receive from bloodstream

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8
Q

endocrine glands have a tendancy to…

A

over secrete
-negative feedback loop needed

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9
Q

effector cells may respond to

A

only one hormone or multiple
-depends on receptor

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10
Q

hormonal effects

A

alter enzyme activity
-regulate biochemical reactions
alter membrane transport

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11
Q

different type of enzyme activity

A

increase enzyme production
inactivate enzymes

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12
Q

insulin

A

glucose into glycogen
-storage

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13
Q

glucagon

A

glycogen into glucose
-need quick energy

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14
Q

epinephrine

A

glycogen into glucose
-need quick energy

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15
Q

membrane transport

A

-depending on enzyme, facilitate or inhibit
-transport of substances into the cell

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16
Q

how are types of hormones grouped

A

structure not function

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17
Q

steroid hormones

A

4 ring structure
-fat soluable
-pass through cell membrane
-connect receptor inside cell
examples - sex hormones, corisol

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18
Q

protein hormones

A

-composed of amino acids (varies)
-water soluable, cannot manage through membrane
-attaches to cell receptors on membrane (intiated within cell)

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19
Q

second messenger action system

A

-since hormones cannot activate within cell
-adenylcyclase
-allows for homones to still properly react

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20
Q

adenylcyclase

A

relay system of ATP to CAMP

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21
Q

cyclic AMP

A

CAMP
-2nd messengar by activating other enzymes

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22
Q

exocrine

A

not neccesarily going into the blood
-ducted
-secrete sweat,mucus, digestive enzymes

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23
Q

endocrine

A

into the blood
-ductless
-hormones directly into the blood

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24
Q

hyper gland

A

excessive production of a hormone

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25
Q

hypo gland

A

not producing enough of a hormone

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26
Q

pituitary gland

A

controls many other endocrine glands via secretions
-underneath hypothalamus

27
Q

anterior pituitary

A

hormone producing cells
-responds to releasing factors*
-primarily glandular
-not direct connection to hypothalamus

28
Q

human growth hormone

A

skeletol/body growth
-stimulates liver to release proteins
-secreted by anterior pituitary
-childhood/adolescence

29
Q

dwarfism

A

hyposecretion of human growth hormone during childhood

30
Q

simmons disease

A

hyposecretion of human growth hormone in adults
-lethargy,obesity, memory/personnality shifts

31
Q

gigantism

A

hypersecretion of human growth hormone in childhood
-growth/tall
-dense bones

32
Q

acromegaly

A

hypersecretion of human growth hormone in adults
-usually result of tumor
-growth of soft tissue/bone

33
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

stimulates thyroid gland, to produce thyroxine
-secreted by anterior pituitary

34
Q

adrenocriticoptropic hormone

A

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
-secreted by anterior pituitary

35
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

stimulates egg/sperm development
-secreted by anterior pituitary

36
Q

lutenizing hormone

A

stimulates ovaries to produce progesterone
stimulate testies to produce testosterone
-secreted by anterior pituitary

37
Q

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

A

stimulates testosterone production in males
-secreted by anterior pituitary

38
Q

prolactin

A

stimulates breast development and milk production
-secreted by anterior pituitary
-AFTER childbirth

39
Q

melanocyte stimulating hormone

A

stimulates melanin skin pigment
-secreted by anterior pituitary

40
Q

endorphins

A

attaches to nerves to reduce pain
-secreted by anterior pituitary
-example morphine

41
Q

negative feedback systems

A

maintains homeostasis

42
Q

target hormone

A

controls secretion of itself
-through NFBL

43
Q

ACTH/Cortisol NFBL

A

cortisol levels rise, ACTH rises
-likewise

44
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone/thyoxine NFBL

A

high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone inc production of thyroxine

45
Q

calcitonin

A

decreases calcium levels in blood by putting onto bone
-produced in thyroid
“tumor maker”

46
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

takes calcium from bone into bloodstream
-produced by parathyroid

47
Q

insulin

A

lower blood glucose (convert into glycogen)
-storage
-produced by beta cells

48
Q

glucagon

A

raise blood glucose (converts into glucose)
-energy
-produced by alpha cells

49
Q

antidiuretic hormone (vassopressin)

A

causes vasoconstriction, kidney reabsorption
-secreted by pituitary posterior

50
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

low antidiuretic hormone
-dilute more urine

51
Q

oxytocin

A

stimulates uterine contractions
-love hormone/social bonding

52
Q

hypothalamus

A

releases “releasing factors” that aid in all sorts of negative feedback loops and/or homeostasis

53
Q

thyroxine

A

stimulates body metabolism/temperature/cellular respiration

54
Q

hypothyroidism

A

-low body temp
-low energy
-mental slowness
-fat storage

55
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

-high body temp
-high energy, anxious
-weight loss

56
Q

goiter

A

insufficent iodine
-thyroid swells/neck enlargens

57
Q

cortex

A

outer

58
Q

medulla

A

inner

59
Q

epinephrine/adrenaline

A

-released in response to stress
inc metabolic rate
-secreted by adrenal medulla

60
Q

norepinrphrine

A

vasoconstriction/inc blood pressure
-secreted by adrenal medulla

61
Q

dopamine

A

reward/motivation
dilate arteries/in cardiac output/ inc blood flow

62
Q

aldosterone

A

ion retention in kidneys
-K excretion
-affects water levels

63
Q

cortisol

A

fat/protein breakdown
-contains anti flammintory

biology 30 (8 decks)

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