endocrine system

Question 1

extracellular fluid

Answer 1

nutrients/waste exchange
-surrounds each cell in the body
-correct temp/pH/humidity for membrane functions
-allows for cellular communication

Question 2

hormones

Answer 2

cellular communication/chemical messengers
-sythesized by glands
-into bloodstream
-affect certain cells

Question 3

nervous system communicates through

Answer 3

nerves

Question 4

endocrine system communicates through

Answer 4

hormones

Question 5

‘not a target cell’

Answer 5

cell that doesn’t have correct receptor

Question 6

secreting cells

Answer 6

cells releasing hormone through glands into bloodstream

Question 7

target cell

Answer 7

cells receiving hormone due to correct receptor shape
-receive from bloodstream

Question 8

endocrine glands have a tendancy to…

Answer 8

over secrete
-negative feedback loop needed

Question 9

effector cells may respond to

Answer 9

only one hormone or multiple
-depends on receptor

Question 10

hormonal effects

Answer 10

alter enzyme activity
-regulate biochemical reactions
alter membrane transport

Question 11

different type of enzyme activity

Answer 11

increase enzyme production
inactivate enzymes

Question 12

insulin

Answer 12

glucose into glycogen
-storage

Question 13

glucagon

Answer 13

glycogen into glucose
-need quick energy

Question 14

epinephrine

Answer 14

glycogen into glucose
-need quick energy

Question 15

membrane transport

Answer 15

-depending on enzyme, facilitate or inhibit
-transport of substances into the cell

Question 16

how are types of hormones grouped

Answer 16

structure not function

Question 17

steroid hormones

Answer 17

4 ring structure
-fat soluable
-pass through cell membrane
-connect receptor inside cell
examples - sex hormones, corisol

Question 18

protein hormones

Answer 18

-composed of amino acids (varies)
-water soluable, cannot manage through membrane
-attaches to cell receptors on membrane (intiated within cell)

Question 19

second messenger action system

Answer 19

-since hormones cannot activate within cell
-adenylcyclase
-allows for homones to still properly react

Question 20

adenylcyclase

Answer 20

relay system of ATP to CAMP

Question 21

cyclic AMP

Answer 21

CAMP
-2nd messengar by activating other enzymes

Question 22

exocrine

Answer 22

not neccesarily going into the blood
-ducted
-secrete sweat,mucus, digestive enzymes

Question 23

endocrine

Answer 23

into the blood
-ductless
-hormones directly into the blood

Question 24

hyper gland

Answer 24

excessive production of a hormone

Question 25

hypo gland

Answer 25

not producing enough of a hormone

Question 26

pituitary gland

Answer 26

controls many other endocrine glands via secretions -underneath hypothalamus

Question 27

anterior pituitary

Answer 27

hormone producing cells -responds to releasing factors* -primarily glandular -not direct connection to hypothalamus

Question 28

human growth hormone

Answer 28

skeletol/body growth -stimulates liver to release proteins -secreted by anterior pituitary -childhood/adolescence

Question 29

dwarfism

Answer 29

hyposecretion of human growth hormone during childhood

Question 30

simmons disease

Answer 30

hyposecretion of human growth hormone in adults -lethargy,obesity, memory/personnality shifts

Question 31

gigantism

Answer 31

hypersecretion of human growth hormone in childhood -growth/tall -dense bones

Question 32

acromegaly

Answer 32

hypersecretion of human growth hormone in adults -usually result of tumor -growth of soft tissue/bone

Question 33

thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 33

stimulates thyroid gland, to produce thyroxine -secreted by anterior pituitary

Question 34

adrenocriticoptropic hormone

Answer 34

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol -secreted by anterior pituitary

Question 35

follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 35

stimulates egg/sperm development -secreted by anterior pituitary

Question 36

lutenizing hormone

Answer 36

stimulates ovaries to produce progesterone stimulate testies to produce testosterone -secreted by anterior pituitary

Question 37

interstitial cell stimulating hormone

Answer 37

stimulates testosterone production in males -secreted by anterior pituitary

Question 38

prolactin

Answer 38

stimulates breast development and milk production -secreted by anterior pituitary -AFTER childbirth

Question 39

melanocyte stimulating hormone

Answer 39

stimulates melanin skin pigment -secreted by anterior pituitary

Question 40

endorphins

Answer 40

attaches to nerves to reduce pain -secreted by anterior pituitary -example morphine

Question 41

negative feedback systems

Answer 41

maintains homeostasis

Question 42

target hormone

Answer 42

controls secretion of itself -through NFBL

Question 43

ACTH/Cortisol NFBL

Answer 43

cortisol levels rise, ACTH rises -likewise

Question 44

thyroid stimulating hormone/thyoxine NFBL

Answer 44

high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone inc production of thyroxine

Question 45

calcitonin

Answer 45

decreases calcium levels in blood by putting onto bone -produced in thyroid "tumor maker"

Question 46

parathyroid hormone

Answer 46

takes calcium from bone into bloodstream -produced by parathyroid

Question 47

insulin

Answer 47

lower blood glucose (convert into glycogen) -storage -produced by beta cells

Question 48

glucagon

Answer 48

raise blood glucose (converts into glucose) -energy -produced by alpha cells

Question 49

antidiuretic hormone (vassopressin)

Answer 49

causes vasoconstriction, kidney reabsorption -secreted by pituitary posterior

Question 50

diabetes insipidus

Answer 50

low antidiuretic hormone -dilute more urine

Question 51

oxytocin

Answer 51

stimulates uterine contractions -love hormone/social bonding

Question 52

hypothalamus

Answer 52

releases "releasing factors" that aid in all sorts of negative feedback loops and/or homeostasis

Question 53

thyroxine

Answer 53

stimulates body metabolism/temperature/cellular respiration

Question 54

hypothyroidism

Answer 54

-low body temp -low energy -mental slowness -fat storage

Question 55

hyperthyroidism

Answer 55

-high body temp -high energy, anxious -weight loss

Question 56

goiter

Answer 56

insufficent iodine -thyroid swells/neck enlargens

Question 57

cortex

Answer 57

outer

Question 58

medulla

Answer 58

inner

Question 59

epinephrine/adrenaline

Answer 59

-released in response to stress inc metabolic rate -secreted by adrenal medulla

Question 60

norepinrphrine

Answer 60

vasoconstriction/inc blood pressure -secreted by adrenal medulla

Question 61

dopamine

Answer 61

reward/motivation dilate arteries/in cardiac output/ inc blood flow

Question 62

aldosterone

Answer 62

ion retention in kidneys -K excretion -affects water levels

Question 63

cortisol

Answer 63

fat/protein breakdown -contains anti flammintory