Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercise

Question 1

______________________- a Canadian endocrinologist, unknowingly provided the theoretical basis for periodization with his work on the adrenal gland the role of stress hormones in the adaptation to stress, distress, and illness.

Answer 1

Hans Selye

Question 2

______________ to refer to how the adrenal gland responds to a noxious stimulus (stressor).

Answer 2

GAS

Question 3

This increase in resistance to the stress is referred to as adaptation; when the stressor is exercise, it is called ___________________.

Answer 3

Training adaptation

Question 4

_______________________play roles in a variety of mechanisms from anabolic (to build) to permissive (to allow) and catabolic (to break down)

Answer 4

Hormonal Signals

Question 5

_______________________ are influenced by the changes in circulating hormonal concentrations following exercise, and manipulating the endocrine system naturally, through the proper selection for each acute program variable can enhance the development of target tissues and improve performance.

Answer 5

Tissue adaptations

Question 6

__________________ - stimulates insulin-like growth factor I secretion from the liver protein synthesis, growth, and metabolism.

Answer 6

Growth Hormone

Question 7

_________________ - stimulate glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex.

Answer 7

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 8

___________________ - stimulates analgesia

Answer 8

Beta-endorphin

Question 9

____________________- stimulates thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid gland.

Answer 9

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 10

_________________ - stimulates growth of follicles in ovary and seminiferous tubules in testes; stimulates ovum and sperm production.

Answer 10

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 11

________________ - stimulates milk production in mammary glands; maintains corpora lutes and secretion of progesterone

Answer 11

Luteinizing hormones

Question 12

___________________ - stimulates milk production in mammary glands; maintains corpora lutes and secretion of progesterone

Answer 12

Prolactin

Question 13

_________________ - increases contraction of smooth muscle and reabsorption of water by kidneys.

Answer 13

Antidiuretic Hormone

Question 14

______________ - Stimulates uterine contractions and release of milk by mammary glands.

Answer 14

Oxytocin

Question 15

_______________ - Stimulates oxidative metabolism in mitochondria and cell growth.

Answer 15

Thyroxine

Question 16

___________ - Reduces Calcium phosphate levels in blood

Answer 16

Calcitonin -

Question 17

_______________ - Increases blood calcium; decreases blood phosphate; stimulates bone formation

Answer 17

Parathyroid Hormone

Question 18

_____________ - Reduce blood glucose concentrations via promotion of glucose uptake by cells; promotes glycogen storage; suppresses fat oxidation and gluconeogensis; is involved in protein synthesis

Answer 18

Insulin

Question 19

_____________ - increases blood glucose levels

Answer 19

Glucagon

Question 20

_____________ - Catabolic and anti-anabolic: promotes protein breakdown and inhibits amino acid incorporation into proteins; conserve blood glucose concentrations via stimulation of conversion of protein into carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis); suppress immune cell function; promote fat oxidation.

Answer 20

Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone, and so on)

Question 21

__________________ - increase body fluids via sodium-potassium retention

Answer 21

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, an so on)

Question 22

________________ - Increase protein synthesis in cells

Answer 22

Insulin-like growth Factors

Question 23

_______________ - increases cardiac output; increases blood sugar and glycogen breakdown and fat metabolism

Answer 23

Epinephrine

Question 24

________________ - Has properties of epinephrine; also constricts blood vessels

Answer 24

Norepinephrine

Question 25

______________ - Enhance immune cell function, have analgesia effects.

Answer 25

Proenkephalin fragments (Peptide F)

Question 26

____________ - stimulate development of female sex characteristics

Answer 26

Estradiol

Question 27

______________ - Stimulates development of female sex characteristics and mammary glands; maintains pregnancy.

Answer 27

Progesterone

Question 28

_____________ - Anabolic and anticatabolic: promotes amino acid incorporation into proteins and inhibits protein breakdown; stimulates growth and development and maintenance oof male sex characteristics

Answer 28

Testosterone

Question 29

_______________ - Regulates sodium, potassium, and fluid Volume

Answer 29

Atrial Peptide

Question 30

________________ - Regulates kidney function, permeability, solute.

Answer 30

Renin

Question 31

The study of connection between the neural, endocrine, and immune systems is called _____________________.

Answer 31

Neuroendocrine immunology

Question 32

___________ - hormones that proton tissue building

Answer 32

Anabolic hormone

Question 33

One of the basic principles in endocrinology is that a given hormone interacts with a specific receptor. This principle is generally referred to as the ______________ (in which the receptor is lock and the hormone is the key)

Answer 33

Low-and - key THeory

Question 34

_____________ - a given receptor partially interacts with other hormones.

Answer 34

Cross-reactivity

Question 35

Receptors can have _______________ at which substances other than hormones can enhance or reduce the cellular response to the primary hormone.

Answer 35

Allosteric Binding Site

Question 36

The inability of a hormone to interact with a receptor is Called _______________ of receptor function

Answer 36

Downregulation

Question 37

It has been shown for the hormone ____________ that exercise training affects only the maximal number of receptors, not the binding sensitivity of the receptors.

Answer 37

Testosterone

Question 38

After discussing across the sarcolemma, the hormone binds with its receptor to for a ________________, causing a conformational shift in the receptor and thus activating it.

Answer 38

Hormone - Receptor Complex (H-RC)

Question 39

_______________ - are made up of chains amino acids; examples are growth hormone and insulin. - are not fat soluble and thus cannot cross the cell membrane.

Answer 39

Polypeptide Hormones

Question 40

_________________ is the primary androgen that interacts with skeletal muscle tissue; I’d hydro testosterone is the primary androgen that interacts with sex-linked tissues. - It can promote growth hormone release from the pituitary, which can influence protein synthesis in muscle; and in turn growth hormone appears to have a permissive or synergistic effect on testosterones promotion of protein synthesis.

Answer 40

Testosterone

Question 41

______________________________ can cause a dramatic catabolic tissue response, and increase in testosterone may be related to the need for protein synthesis to keep up with protein loss.

Answer 41

High-intensity aerobic endurance

Question 42

- Large muscle group exercise - heavy resistance (85-95% of 1rm) - Moderate to high volume of exercise, achieved with multiple sets, multiple exercises, or both - Short rest intervals (30sec to 1min) - Two years or more of resistance training experience These all are variables that can do what to testosterone?

Answer 42

Can increase serum testosterone concentrations in boy and younger men

Question 43

________________ - normal fluctuation in hormone levels throughout the day.

Answer 43

Diurnal Variations

Question 44

______________ - using an adequate volume of total work result in acute increased total testosterone concentrations in men

Answer 44

Large muscle group exercises

Question 45

__________________ - accounts for only 0.5 to 2% of total testosterone; thus higher total testosterone concentration allow for more. - Heavy resistance exercise 9e.g. Sic sets of 10 reps of 80% of 1RM) can acutely increase ____________ in men and women, although the increase is much smaller for women.

Answer 45

Free testosterone

Question 46

Women have about ______ to____ fold lower concentrations of circulating testosterone than men do.

Answer 46

15 to 20 fold

Question 47

____________________ concentrations increase in response to breath holding and hyperventilation alone, as well as to hypoxia.

Answer 47

Growth Hormone

Question 48

Throughtout the men steal cycle, women have a higher blood concentrations of the __________ than men to greater frequency and amplitude of secretion.

Answer 48

22 kDa GH

Question 49

The typical trends for training-related changes in GH appear to be a reduction -______________ response to an absolute exercise stress and alteration in ___________ pulsatilla you characteristics.

Answer 49

22 kDa GH

Question 50

Some of the effects of 22 kDa GH are mediated through small polypeptides called _________________. - is a 70 amino acid polypeptide - this is secret by the liver after 22 kDa GH stimulates liver cells to synthesize it.

Answer 50

Insulin - Like Growth Factors