Adaptations To Aerobic Endurance Training Programs Flashcards
A single bout of ___________________ places a significant metabolic demand on the body, especially the cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular system.
Aerobic Exercise
The primary functions of the ____________________ during aerobic exercises are to deliver oxygen and other nutrients to the working muscles and remove metabolites and waste products.
Cardiovascular System
__________________ - is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute and is determined by the quantity of blood ejected with each beat and heart’s rate of pumping.
Cardiac Output
______________ - quantity of blood ejected with each beat
- begins to increase at the onset of exercise and continues to rise until the individuals oxygen consumption is at approximately 40 to 50% of max oxygen uptake, which at that point stroke volume begins to plateau.
Stroke Volume
The hearts rate off pumping - ____________________
Heart rate
Two physiological mechanisms are responsible for the regulation of stroke volume. They are?
- end-diastolic volume
- Action of catecholamines including epinephrine and norepinephrine
__________________ - the volume of blood available to be pumped by the left ventricle at the end of the filling phase, or diastole.
End-diastolic volume
The amount of blood returning to the heart (is called________________) is increased due to a combination of venoconstriction (induced via increased sympathetic nervous system activation)
Venous Return
____________________ - is related to the concept that the force contraction is a function of the length of the fibers of the muscle wall.
Frank-Starling Mechanism
The increase in cardiac emptying is characterized by an increase in the __________________, the fraction of the end-diastolic volume ejected from the heart.
Ejection Fraction
________________ - is the amount of oxygen consumed by the body’s tissues.
Oxygen Uptake
___________________ - is the greatest amount of oxygen that can be used at the cellular level for the entire body.
- has been found to correlate well with the degree of physical conditioning and is recognized as the mst widely accepted measure of cardio respiratory fitness.
Max. Oxygen Uptake
Oxygen uptake (VO2) can be calculated with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, which expresses the relationship of cardiac output, oxygen uptake, and arteriovenous oxygen difference VO2 = Q x a-v O2 difference
Fick Euation
_________________ - the difference in the oxygen content between arterial and venous blood.
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference
____________________ - estimates the pressure exerted against the arterial walls as blood is forcefully ejected during ventricular contraction (systole) and, when combined with heart rate, can be used to describe the myocardial oxygen consumption.
Systolic Blood Pressue