Endocrine Physiology - Arroyo Flashcards
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine?
Exocrine has ducts
Endocrine has ductless glands
What are the amino acid derivative hormones?
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
List some examples of Tyrosine and Tryptophan hormone derivatives
Tyrosine- Thyroid hormones and catecholamines
Tryptophan- seratonin and melatonin
What types of peptide derivative hormones?
Glycoprotein
Small peptide
Short chain polypeptide
List some examples of Glycoprotien, small peptide, and short chain polypeptide hormones
Glycoprotein- TSH, LH, FSH
Small peptide- GH
Small chain polypeptide- ADH and oxytocin
What are types of lipid derivative horomones?
Eicosanoids
Steroid
List some examples of eicosanoids and steroid hormones
Eicosanoids- leukotrienes and prostaglandins
Steroids- estrogens, progesterins, corticosteroids, calcitrols
What is the difference between free vs. steroid/thyroid hormones?
Free hormones only stay in the system for a hour while steroid/thyroid hormones are “bound”
Which types of hormones are lipid soluble?
Eicosanoids
Which types of hormones are not lipid soluble and use extracellular receptors?
Catecholamines and Peptide hormones
What are some important second messengers?
Ca
cAMP
cGMP
What are the three different types of endocrine stimuli
Humoral- changes in extracellular matrix
Hormonal- arrival or removal of hormone
Neural- arrival of neurotransmitters at neuroglandular junctions
What is the difference between simple and complex endocrine reflexes?
Simple- need one hormone
Complex- need two or more hormones
What are the four types of endocrine reactions?
Antagonist- work against eachother
Synergistic- work with eachother
Passive- one hormone needs the other to fully function
Integrative- effects occur when hormone interacts with target organ
What connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
Infundibulum
What are the three parts of the anterior pituitary?
Pars distalis, intermedius, and tuberalis
What is the function of the median eminence?
It is the swelling at the end of the infundibulum
It releases regulatory factors through the fenestrated capillaries
What is the portal system used for?
To make sure that the regulatory factors reach target cells before entering circulation
What are the anterior pituitary hormones?
LH, FSH, ACTH, TSH, GH, and PR
What is the function of lutenizing hormone (LH)?
Females: regulates ovulation and progesterone
Males: testosterone
What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Females: maturation of the egg and estrogen
Males: maturation of sperm
What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
stimulates the production and secretion of corticosteroids
What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Stimulates the thyroid to release hormones
What is the function of prolactin (PRL)?
Females: mammary gland growth and breast milk production
Males: signals interstitial cells to be sensitive to LH
What is the function of growth hormone or somatotropin?
Stimulates growth and division
Targets all cells in the body
