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5248 Integrated Systems: Tokyo Drift > Endocrine Pathology - Bikman > Flashcards

Endocrine Pathology - Bikman Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between primary, secondary, and tertiary?

A

1- at the gland
2- at the gland that stimulates the main gland
3- at the hypothalamus

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2
Q

SIADH

A

hypersecretion of ADH

symptoms: high urine secretion, bloated,

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3
Q

Diabetes Insipidus

A

hyposecretion of ADH

symptoms: polyruia or polydipsia

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4
Q

What are the three types of diabetes insipidus?

A

Neurogenic
Nephrogenic
Psychogenic

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5
Q

What occurs with hyposecretion of oxytocin?

A

Lack of milk; longer labor

Lack of compassion and bonding

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6
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Hypersecretion of oxytocin

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7
Q

If you have problems with the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, what test can you take to determine if it is pituitary or hypothalamic based?

A

Hypothalamic Factor Stimulation Test

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8
Q

How can you tell where the problem with prolactin is?

A

Dopamine is secreted by the hypothalamus to stop the production of prolactin. If there isnt enough dopamine, then the problem is in the hypothalamus, but if there is enough dopamine then the problem is in the pituitary

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9
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Deficient in FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH

Probably from empty sella turcica or pituitary infarction

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10
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

Usually from an adenoma
Treatment: radiation, surgery, hormone treatment
Symptoms: ocular palsies, headaches, visual defects

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11
Q

Hypersecretion of Prolactin

A

Females: amenhorrea (stop of menstruation), hirutism (hair on face), osteopenia

Males: hypergonadism, decreased libido, manboobs, infertility

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12
Q

Gigantism

A

Hypersecretion of GH
Pre-pubertal adenoma
Long limbs and tall

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13
Q

Acromegaly

A

Hypersecretion of GH
Post- pubertal adenoma
Large jaw, bones of hands and feet
Can accumulate cardiac diseases and joint pain

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14
Q

Hyposecretion of GH

A

Short stature
Increased fat percentage and lower lean muscle
Bones thin and fragile
In younger adults, can lead to depression, poor lactation/immune response, decreased bone mass

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15
Q

Hyperthyroidism/ Thyrotoxicosis

A

Symptoms: weight loss, heat intolerance, exothalamos, tremors
Causes: Graves, Multinodular goiter, thyroid adenoma

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Symptoms: gain weight, cold sensitive, fatigue, hair loss, delayed reflexes, edema, reduced appetite
Acquired causes: Hashimotos, latrogenic, too little iodine
Other causes: Graves, thyroiditis, goiter, adenoma, carcinoma
Treatment: hormone therapy

17
Q

Cretinism

A

Hypothyroidism in utero
Short stature, high body fat, poor IQ, slow reflexes, poor coordination of muscle movement
Treatment: thyroid supplements

18
Q

Why is iodine a critical part of thyroid hormone production?

A

Thyroid makes T3 and T4 which are composed of iodine

19
Q

What is the number one cause of hypothyroidism in females?

A

Hashimotos- autoimmune attack of the thyroid

20
Q

What is the number one cause of hyperthyroidism in the US?

A

Graves Disease
Autoimmune diesease that stimulates production of TSH
Triad symptoms: exophthalamos, dermopathy, hyperthyroidism
Treatment: iodine blockers, beta blockers, surgery

21
Q

Out of the four types of thyroid carcinomas, which is the most prevalent?
Papillary, Medullary, Follicular, Anaplastic

A

Papillary

“Orphan Annie” tumor

22
Q

Cushings Disease

A

Hypersecretion of Cortisol (Adrenal)

Elevated ACTH due to pituitary tumor

23
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

Hypersecretion of Cortisol
High levels of cortisol in plasma
Adrenal tumor

24
Q

What are symptoms of cushing disease and syndrome?

A 
Moon face and increased weight gain
Insulin resistance
Osteoporosis
Muscle weakness
Poor wound healing
25
Q

Feminization

A

Hypersecretion of sex hormones in the adrenal gland

Increased estrogen

26
Q

Virilization

A

Hypersecretion of androgens in the adrenal gland

27
Q

Adrenal Medulla Hyperfunction

A

Catecholemine hypersecretion
Tumor derived from chromaffin cells
Symptoms: Elevated HR, BP, diaphoresis, weight loss, hyperglycemia

28
Q

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency Addisons Disease

A

Hyposecretion of Adrenal glands
Too little cortisol and minerocorticoids
Autoimmune in orgin
Symptoms: weakness, hypotension, skin hyperpigmentation

29
Q

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

A

Hyposecretion of the Adrenal glands

Cause: bacterial infection, adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension/shock

30
Q

What is MENS?

A

Genetic Disorder
Endocrine tumors
Usually in younger people

31
Q

MENS-1

A

Doesnt usually affect the thyroid
Hyperplasia, Adenoma, and Carcinoma
MEN1 gene mutation

32
Q

MENS-2

A

Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma
RET gene mutation
2 different types: A (parathyroid hyperplasia) and B (Marfanoid habitus)

33
Q

Is it possible to gain weight without insulin?

A

NO

5248 Integrated Systems: Tokyo Drift (15 decks)

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