CNS Drugs - Broadhead Flashcards
What are the three mental and emotional categories of disorders?
Anxiety
Psychosis
Affective Disorder
What is a psychosis?
Loss of reality
Usually schizophrenia, depression, and drug induced psychosis
Affective Disorders are also known as what?
Mood Disorders
Mood swings that range from depression to mania
For instance, biopolarism
What is anxiety?
Unpleasant state of fear or dread
For instance, OCD, PTSD, phobias, general anxiety
What do anti-anxiety or antiolytic drugs do?
Depresses activity in the CNS
Used for anxiety
Benzodiazepine
Antiolytic
Used for anxiety
Examples: valium, ativan, xanax, klonopin, versed
Side effects: hypotension, decreased CNS, sedation, nausea, drowsiness
DO NOT TAKE WITH ALCOHOL
What is the treatment for the overdose of benzodiazpines?
Romazicon
What is Lithium drugs used for?
Antimanic drugs
Stabilizes mood
Dose is around 0.6-1.2
Describe the etiology of depression
Low levels of catecholemines, especially norepinephrine
Describe the etiology of mania
Too many amines
Describe the permissive hypothesis
Depression: too little catecholamines and seratonin
Mania: too much catecholamines, but too little seratonin
Describe the dysregulation hypothesis
Imbalance of catecholamines affects depression and other disorders
What are SSRIs?
Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Used for Depression, Bipolar, OCD, PTSD, anxiety
Examples: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil
HAS LITTLE TO NO EFFECT ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Side Effects: insomnia, weight gain
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Second choice for depression and OCD
Blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters
Side effects: tachycardia, tremors, nausea, headache, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, impotence, sedation
Examples: Elavil, Sinequan, Norprampin, Aventyl, Tofranil
Why are tricyclic antidepressants a secondary drug?
Major CNS and cardiovascular problems if overdose
Extremely lethal
No antidote if overdose
MAOIs
Secondary choice for depression if not responding to cyclics
Inhibits MAO enzyme; doesnt destroy amines
Do not take with tyramine
Examples: Nardil, Parnate
Side effect: orthostatic hypotension and others
What are the effects of an overdose of MAOIs?
Coma, seizure, tachycardia, circulatory collapse
Symptoms usually dont appear til 12 hours after ingestion
Treatment: hemodialysis, gastric lavage, urine acidification
What happens if you take MAOIs with tyramine?
Hypertensive Crisis
Cerebral hemorrage, stroke, coma, death
What foods contain tyramine?
wine, yeast extracts, cheeses, smoked/pickled foods, fava beans
Why would you not take SSRIs and MAOIs together?
Seratonin Syndrome
What are antipsychotics used to treat?
Behavioral problems or psychotic disorders
For instance, bipolar, depressive and drug induced psychosis, schizophrenia, autism, tourettes
Describe antipsychotics
Block dopamine
Result: tranquilizing
Examples: Navane, Haldol, Moban, Loxitane Phenothiazines
Describe atypical antipsychotics
Block dopamine and seratonin receptors
Result: tranquilizing, but better efficacy and saftey protocols
Examples: Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroqual, Geodon, Abilify
What are some main side effects?
NMS- high fever, high BP, myoglobinemia EPS- similar to Parkinsons Orthostatic hypotension Photosensitivity TD- involuntary contraction of oral and facial muscles
