CNS Drugs - Broadhead

Question 1

What are the three mental and emotional categories of disorders?

Answer 1

Anxiety
Psychosis
Affective Disorder

Question 2

What is a psychosis?

Answer 2

Loss of reality

Usually schizophrenia, depression, and drug induced psychosis

Question 3

Affective Disorders are also known as what?

Answer 3

Mood Disorders
Mood swings that range from depression to mania
For instance, biopolarism

Question 4

What is anxiety?

Answer 4

Unpleasant state of fear or dread

For instance, OCD, PTSD, phobias, general anxiety

Question 5

What do anti-anxiety or antiolytic drugs do?

Answer 5

Depresses activity in the CNS

Used for anxiety

Question 6

Benzodiazepine

Answer 6

Antiolytic
Used for anxiety
Examples: valium, ativan, xanax, klonopin, versed
Side effects: hypotension, decreased CNS, sedation, nausea, drowsiness
DO NOT TAKE WITH ALCOHOL

Question 7

What is the treatment for the overdose of benzodiazpines?

Answer 7

Romazicon

Question 8

What is Lithium drugs used for?

Answer 8

Antimanic drugs
Stabilizes mood
Dose is around 0.6-1.2

Question 9

Describe the etiology of depression

Answer 9

Low levels of catecholemines, especially norepinephrine

Question 10

Describe the etiology of mania

Answer 10

Too many amines

Question 11

Describe the permissive hypothesis

Answer 11

Depression: too little catecholamines and seratonin
Mania: too much catecholamines, but too little seratonin

Question 12

Describe the dysregulation hypothesis

Answer 12

Imbalance of catecholamines affects depression and other disorders

Question 13

What are SSRIs?

Answer 13

Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Used for Depression, Bipolar, OCD, PTSD, anxiety
Examples: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil

HAS LITTLE TO NO EFFECT ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Side Effects: insomnia, weight gain

Question 14

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Answer 14

Second choice for depression and OCD
Blocks reuptake of neurotransmitters
Side effects: tachycardia, tremors, nausea, headache, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, impotence, sedation
Examples: Elavil, Sinequan, Norprampin, Aventyl, Tofranil

Question 15

Why are tricyclic antidepressants a secondary drug?

Answer 15

Major CNS and cardiovascular problems if overdose
Extremely lethal
No antidote if overdose

Question 16

MAOIs

Answer 16

Secondary choice for depression if not responding to cyclics
Inhibits MAO enzyme; doesnt destroy amines
Do not take with tyramine
Examples: Nardil, Parnate
Side effect: orthostatic hypotension and others

Question 17

What are the effects of an overdose of MAOIs?

Answer 17

Coma, seizure, tachycardia, circulatory collapse
Symptoms usually dont appear til 12 hours after ingestion

Treatment: hemodialysis, gastric lavage, urine acidification

Question 18

What happens if you take MAOIs with tyramine?

Answer 18

Hypertensive Crisis

Cerebral hemorrage, stroke, coma, death

Question 19

What foods contain tyramine?

Answer 19

wine, yeast extracts, cheeses, smoked/pickled foods, fava beans

Question 20

Why would you not take SSRIs and MAOIs together?

Answer 20

Seratonin Syndrome

Question 21

What are antipsychotics used to treat?

Answer 21

Behavioral problems or psychotic disorders

For instance, bipolar, depressive and drug induced psychosis, schizophrenia, autism, tourettes

Question 22

Describe antipsychotics

Answer 22

Block dopamine
Result: tranquilizing
Examples: Navane, Haldol, Moban, Loxitane Phenothiazines

Question 23

Describe atypical antipsychotics

Answer 23

Block dopamine and seratonin receptors
Result: tranquilizing, but better efficacy and saftey protocols
Examples: Clozaril, Risperdal, Zyprexa, Seroqual, Geodon, Abilify

Question 24

What are some main side effects?

Answer 24

NMS- high fever, high BP, myoglobinemia
EPS- similar to Parkinsons
Orthostatic hypotension
Photosensitivity
TD- involuntary contraction of oral and facial muscles