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5248 Integrated Systems: Tokyo Drift > CNS Embryogenesis- Reynolds > Flashcards

CNS Embryogenesis- Reynolds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between somatic and visceral?

A

Somatic- innervates skin and skeletal muscle

Visceral- (autonomic) innervates smooth muscle; sympathetic and parasympathetic

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2
Q

Which part closes first on the neural tube: cranial or caudal?

A

Caudal

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3
Q

Name the primary CNS segments

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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4
Q

Name the corresponding structures for :
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

A

Prosencephalon- Forebrain
Mesencephalon- Midbrain
Phombencephalon- Hindbrain

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5
Q

What does the Prosencephalon split into?

A

Telencephalon

Diencephalon

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6
Q

Name the corresponding structures for the Telencephalon and the Diencephalon

A

Telencephalon - Cerebral Hemispheres

Diencephalon - eyes, pituitary, hypothalamus, thymus

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7
Q

What does the Mesencephalon split into?

A

Nothing; does not split

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8
Q

Name the corresponding structures for the Mesencephalon

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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9
Q

What does the Rhombencephalon split into?

A

Metencephalon

Myelencephalon

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10
Q

Name the corresponding structures for the Metencephalon and the Myelencephalon

A

Metencephalon - cerebellum and the pons

Myelencephalon - medulla oblongata

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11
Q

What is neurite outgrowth?

A

When neurons test the environment with filopodia

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12
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

When there is too much “water” or cerebral spinal fluid in the brain because of the cerebral aquaduct doesnt function correctly

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13
Q

What do the pons do?

A

Relay signals between the spinal cord and the cortex

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14
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Center for balance and posture

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15
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do/

A

Control center for respiration, heart beat, reflex movements and other functions

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16
Q

Describe how peripheral neurons form

A

Neuroblasts - make up motor neurons from the basal plate
Neural crest cells extend peripherally (cranial) to form dendrites and dorsally to form axons- makes up the sensory neurons
Interneurons form to make the connection between sensory and motor

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17
Q

What is Hirschsprung’s Disease?

A

Neural crest cells do not migrate properly towards the gut

18
Q

What is stabilization in terms of neurons?

A

The interaction between neuron and target tissue determines connection type and how many

19
Q

Describe the migration of a neural crest cell

A

Becomes a mesenchymal cell (SEM)

Loses cell adhesion and gains integrins

20
Q

What are the three main divisions of the neural crest?

A

Cranial - cells migrate before the neural tube closes
Circumpharyngeal- marks pathways for two groups
Trunk - cells migrate after the neural tube closes

21
Q

What does the cranial neural crest give rise to?

A

Skin, bones, and cartilage in the face

22
Q

What does the circumpharyngeal neural crest give rise to?

A

Vagal- Gut

Cardiac- vessels of the heart

23
Q

What does the trunk neural crest give rise to?

A

Dorsolateral- melanocytes
Ventrolateral- sensory ganglia
Ventral- adrenal chromaffin

24
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

25
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Sensory and Motor

26
Q

Describe sensory, motor, and interneurons

A

Sensory- goes from the receptor to the CNS
Motor- goes from the CNS to the receptor
Interneuron- goes inbetween sensory and motor in the spinal cord

27
Q

What is the function of neuroglial cells?

A

Provide nutrients
Support
Forms myelin
Has a role in transmission

28
Q

What are the three integral parts of a synapse?

A

Presynaptic neuron
Synaptic cleft
Postsynaptic neuron

29
Q

Where are graded potentials located?

A

Dendrites

30
Q

Where are action potentials located?

A

Axon Hillock and Axon

31
Q

Describe astrocytes

A

Glial cells of the CNS

Help with the blood brain barrier

32
Q

Describe oligodendrocytes

A

Glial cells of the CNS

Multi-myelinate axons

33
Q

Describe microglia

A

Glial cells of the CNS

Immune phagocytic cells

34
Q

Describe ependymal

A

Glial cells of the CNS

Cuboidal cells that secrete cerebral spinal fluid

35
Q

Describe schwann cells

A

Glial cells of the PNS

Single- myelinate axons

36
Q

Describe satellite cells

A

Glial cells of the PNS

Surrounds neuronal cells and provides support

37
Q

Which is faster conduction: myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

Myelinated

38
Q

Which is faster conduction: large or small diameter?

A

Large

39
Q

What are the three PNS CT coverings?

A

Endoneurium
Perineurium
Epineurium

40
Q

What are the three layers of menigial CT?

A 
Dura mater (tough mother)
Arachinoid (spiders) 
Pia mater (tender mother)

“The tough mother squashed the spider before it got to the wimpy mother”

41
Q

What are ganglia?

A

A gang of neurons

5248 Integrated Systems: Tokyo Drift (15 decks)

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