Endocrine Part 8: Growth Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Flashcards
what is the job of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis?
regulating growth, development, and bodily functions
what organs are involved in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis and what are they connected by?
hypothalamus and the pituitary gland are connected by the infundibulum.
is the Posterior Pituitary Gland an endocrine gland?
no
what is the job of the posterior pituitary in terms of the hypothalamus?
stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus
what hormones are secreted from the Posterior Pituitary?
Oxytocin
Vasopressin (ADH)
what processes is oxytocin involved in?
reproduction and positive feedback
describe the process of how thyroid hormones are produced.
TRH → TSH → Thyroid → Thyroid Hormones
what is the job of vasopressin?
Regulates fluid balance
what is the Anterior Pituitary and what is its job in terms of the hypothalamus?
A true endocrine organ that releases hormones in response to signals from the hypothalamus.
describe the process of how cortisol hormones are produced.
CRH → ACTH → Adrenal Gland → Cortisol
Describe the process of bodily growth.
GHRH → GH → Liver, Bone → Growth
what are the Human Growth Stages?
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
what happens during the childhood Human Growth Stage?
Rapid growth, increased bone mass
what happens during the Adolescence Human Growth Stage?
Continued growth, peak bone mass
what are the factors Affecting Growth? (5) GHDDS
Genetics
Hormones (Growth, Sex Hormones)
Diet
Disease
Stress
what happens during the Adulthood Human Growth Stage?
Bone mass maintenance
what is the appearance of the Epiphyseal Growth Plate?
A cartilage zone at the end of long bones
what is the job of the Epiphyseal Growth Plate?
where growth occurs
describe the steps of the Bone Growth Process
Chondrocytes produce cartilage
Epiphyseal plate widens
Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue
what is the growth hormone stimulated by?
GHRH
what is the relationship between Growth Hormone and IGF-1?
GH stimulates IGF-1, which promotes bone growth.
what is the growth hormone inhibited by?
Somatostatin
what are Clinical Conditions Related to GH?
Gigantism
Acromegaly
what is Acromegaly?
Excess GH in adulthood
what is Gigantism?
Excess GH in childhood
what is the function of the thyroid Hormone?
Regulates metabolism, growth and development
what are the main thyroid hormones?
T3 and T4
what makes up T3 and T4?
iodine and thyroglobulin
what are the symptoms of Hyperthyroidism? WNHG
Weight loss
Nervousness
High heart rate
Enlarged thyroid (goiter)
what are the symptoms of Hypothyroidism? WFH
Weight gain
Fatigue
Slowed heart rate
