3.5 Tissue Remodeling Flashcards
What is tissue growth and remodeling?
Growth is ongoing throughout life, with tissues continuously remodeled as cells die and are replaced.
What is necrosis?
Necrosis is cell death due to physical trauma, toxins, or lack of oxygen, causing swelling, cell rupture, and inflammation.
What is apoptosis?
Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a tidy and regulated process where the cell self-destructs without harming neighboring cells.
What happens during apoptosis?
During apoptosis, chromatin condenses, the cell shrinks, and it breaks into membrane-bound blebs, which are then consumed by nearby cells or immune cells.
What are the characteristics of necrosis?
In necrosis, cells swell, organelles deteriorate, and the cell ruptures, releasing contents that damage nearby cells and trigger inflammation.
What are totipotent cells?
Totipotent cells are early embryonic cells that can become any cell type and have the potential to develop into an entire organism.
What are pluripotent cells?
Pluripotent cells can develop into many, but not all, cell types; they cannot form a complete organism.
What are multipotent cells?
Multipotent cells are found in specific tissues, like bone marrow, and can develop into multiple cell types within that tissue.
What is the goal of stem cell research?
Stem cell research aims to find sources of pluripotent or multipotent cells for treating degenerative diseases, like Parkinson’s disease.
What are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)?
iPSCs are mature cells reverted to a pluripotent state by altering four genes, discovered by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006.
What are the challenges in stem cell research?
Challenges include sourcing stem cells, understanding differentiation signals, avoiding immune rejection, and dealing with ethical concerns.
What are the key features of apoptosis?
Apoptosis involves controlled, non-disruptive cell death, characterized by chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, and formation of membrane-bound blebs.
How does necrosis differ from apoptosis?
Necrosis involves cell rupture and inflammation, while apoptosis is a controlled, non-disruptive process.
What is the significance of Jan’s Pap test in the running problem?
The Pap test shows if dysplasia has improved or worsened, indicating whether the HPV infection persists or if the immune system has cleared it.
