Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSL300H1F - Human Physiology I > Endocrine Part 6 Adrenal > Flashcards

Endocrine Part 6 Adrenal Flashcards

1
Q

where are the adrenal glands located?

A

on the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what two types of embryological tissues is the adrenal made of?

A

the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of tissue is the adrenal medulla?

A

neuroendocrine tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what hormones does the adrenal medulla produce?

A

catecholamines: epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the role of catecholamines?

A

responsible for the “fight or flight” response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is epinephrine released?

A

during stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the effects of epinephrine release? (6)

A

Increased heart rate

stronger contractions

Airway dilation

Glucose and fatty acids are released for energy

Constriction in intestines

relaxation in skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona Glomerulosa, Zona Fasciculata, Zona Reticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what hormone does the Zona fasciculata produce?

A

Cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what hormone does the Zona Glomerulosa produce?

A

Aldosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the job of Aldosterone, how does it do this, and what does this cause?

A

sodium/potassium regulation by stimulating sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the kidneys, leading to water retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of cortisol?

A

stress/metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what hormone does the Zona Reticularis produce?

A

Androgens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of Androgens?

A

reproductive development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the different types of adrenal steroid hormones?

A

aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what substance helps convert cholesterol into steroid hormones?

A

enzymes

16
Q

how does the EpiPen help during Anaphylactic shock?

A

EpiPen injects epinephrine to reverse the symptoms

16
Q

What is anaphylactic shock?

A

a severe allergic reaction

17
Q

what are the symptoms of anaphylactic shock?

A

airway constriction and low blood pressure

18
Q

What are the roles of sex steroids produced by the adrenal gland?

A

regulate secondary sex characteristics

19
Q

what are secondary sex hormones converted into after menopause?

A

estrogen

20
Q

what is the function of cortisol?

A

regulates metabolism, immune response, and stress

21
Q

how does cortisol affect the Liver?

A

stimulates glucose production

22
Q

how does cortisol affect the Immune system?

A

Suppresses immunity

22
Q

how does cortisol affect the fat tissue?

A

Breaks down fat

23
Q

what regulates cortisol?

A

the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

23
Q

how does cortisol affect the muscle?

A

Breaks down protein

24
Q

how does cortisol affect the bones?

A

Releases calcium

25
Q

how does the hypothalamic-pituitary axis help produce cortisol?

A

Hypothalamus: Releases CRH

Pituitary: Releases ACTH

Adrenal cortex: Releases cortisol

26
Q

What is Addison’s disease?

A

adrenal insufficiency caused by autoimmunity or infections

27
Q

how does negative feedback work with cortisol?

A

High cortisol inhibits CRH and ACTH

28
Q

What are the clinical uses of glucocorticoids and how does it do this?

A

treat inflammatory conditions like eczema and asthma by suppressing the immune response.

29
Q

what are the effects of Addison’s disease? (5)

A

damaging the adrenal cortex

leading to water loss,

low blood pressure,

hypoglycemia

muscle weakness.

30
Q

What is Cushing’s syndrome?

A

syndrome caused by excess cortisol

31
Q

What are the effects of Cushing’s syndrome? (4)

A

resulting in hyperglycemia

muscle weakness

fat buildup in the trunk/face

mood changes.

32
Q

explain the levels of production of CRH, ACTH and cortisol if there is a tumour on the anterior pituitary affecting Cushing’s syndrome.

A

CRH: Low

ACTH: High

Cortisol: High

PSL300H1F - Human Physiology I (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions