Endocrine Part 5 Fluid Balance Miliotis Flashcards
How is water distributed in the body?
About 2/3 is in the intracellular fluid, and 1/3 is in the extracellular fluid (includes interstitial fluid and plasma)
how much of the body is made of water?
The body is 55% water.
What are the main sources of water intake in the body? (3)
Food, drinks, metabolic processes.
What are the main sources of water loss in the body? USLF
Urine, skin, lungs, feces.
What happens if the body has too much water loss?
Dehydration
What happens if the body has too much water retention?
cause swelling and other health issues.
What are the steps involved in urine formation? (3) FRS
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion
what is the filtration step in urine formation?
Blood plasma is filtered in nephrons.
what is the reabsorption step in urine formation?
Water and necessary substances are reabsorbed.
what is the secretion step in urine formation?
Waste and excess substances are secreted.
What are the main parts of the nephron?
Proximal Tubule, Loop of Henle, Collecting Duct
what is the job of the Loop of Henle?
Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
what is the job of the Proximal Tubule?
Filtration
what is the job of the Collecting Duct?
Final water reabsorption
What hormones regulate fluid balance in the body? (3)
Vasopressin (ADH), Aldosterone, ANP
What is Vasopressin’s job (water reabsoprtion, blood pressure, fluid retention)? (3)
Increases water reabsorption, Increases blood pressure and increases fluid retention.
what is the job of Aldosterone (Na and water reabsorption, blood pressure, fluid retention)? (3)
Increases sodium and water reabsorption, Increases BP, increases fluid retention
what is the job of ANP (water reabsoprtion, urine production, blood pressure, fluid retention)? (4)
Decreases water reabsorption, and increases urine production, decreases blood pressure, decreases fluid retention.
What is the main function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and what is the significance of this (water reabsoption, blood volume and pressure)?
ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, raising blood volume and pressure.
Where is ADH synthesized?
hypothalamus
Where is ADH secreted from?
Posterior Pituitary
What stimulates ADH release? (2)
High plasma osmolarity.
Low blood pressure (secondary stimulus)
What specifically does Aldosterone do? (2)
Reabsorbs sodium in the distal tubule and collecting duct.
Secretes potassium.
What triggers the renin-angiotensin pathway and what hormone does it release?
Low blood pressure triggers the release of renin
What organs are Natriuretic Peptides secreted from?
heart, lungs, and brain
what does the release of renin lead to the production of and what is the significance of this?
which leads to angiotensin II production, increasing thirst and causing aldosterone secretion to raise blood pressure
What are Natriuretic Peptides?
They are vasodilators and diuretics
What is the job of Natriuretic Peptides (sodium reabsoprtion, blood pressure)?
decrease sodium reabsorption and blood pressure
How much urine is excreted daily?
About 1.8 L of urine is excreted daily from 180 L of filtrate formed.
