Endocrine Part 5 Fluid Balance Miliotis

Question 1

How is water distributed in the body?

Answer 1

About 2/3 is in the intracellular fluid, and 1/3 is in the extracellular fluid (includes interstitial fluid and plasma)

Question 2

how much of the body is made of water?

Answer 2

The body is 55% water.

Question 3

What are the main sources of water intake in the body?

Answer 3

Food, drinks, metabolic processes.

Question 4

What are the main sources of water loss in the body?

Answer 4

Urine, skin, lungs, feces.

Question 5

What happens if the body has too much water loss?

Answer 5

Dehydration: Too much water loss.

Question 5

What happens if the body has too much water retention?

Answer 5

Excess water can cause swelling and other health issues.

Question 6

What are the steps involved in urine formation?

Answer 6

Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion

Question 7

what is the filtration step in urine formation?

Answer 7

Blood plasma is filtered in nephrons.

Question 8

what is the reabsorption step in urine formation?

Answer 8

Water and necessary substances are reabsorbed.

Question 9

what is the secretion step in urine formation?

Answer 9

Waste and excess substances are secreted.

Question 10

What are the main parts of the nephron and their functions?

Answer 10

Proximal Tubule, Loop of Henle, Collecting Duct

Question 11

what is the job of the Loop of Henle?

Answer 11

Reabsorption and secretion

Question 12

what is the job of the Proximal Tubule?

Answer 12

Filtration

Question 13

what is the job of the Collecting Duct?

Answer 13

Final water reabsorption

Question 14

What hormones regulate fluid balance in the body?

Answer 14

Vasopressin (ADH), Aldosterone, ANP

Question 15

what is the job of Vasopressin (ADH)?

Answer 15

Increases water reabsorption, Increases BP, increases fluid retention.

Question 16

what is the job of Aldosterone?

Answer 16

Increases sodium and water reabsorption, Increases BP, increases fluid retention

Question 17

what is the job of ANP?

Answer 17

Decreases water reabsorption, and increases urine production, decreases BP, decreases fluid retention.

Question 18

What is the main function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) and what is the significance of this?

Answer 18

ADH increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, raising blood volume and pressure.

Question 19

Where is ADH synthesized?

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

Where is ADH secreted from?

Answer 20

Posterior Pituitary

Question 21

What stimulates ADH release?

Answer 21

High plasma osmolarity.

Low blood pressure (secondary stimulus)

Question 22

What specifically does Aldosterone do?

Answer 22

Reabsorbs sodium in the distal tubule and collecting duct.
Secretes potassium.

Question 23

What triggers the renin-angiotensin pathway?

Answer 23

Low blood pressure triggers the release of renin

Question 24

What organs are Natriuretic Peptides secreted from?

Answer 24

heart, lungs, and brain

Question 24

what does the release of renin lead to the production of and what is the significance of this?

Answer 24

which leads to angiotensin II production, increasing thirst and causing aldosterone secretion to raise blood pressure

Question 25

What are Natriuretic Peptides?

Answer 25

They are vasodilators and diuretics

Question 25

What is the job of Natriuretic Peptides?

Answer 25

decrease sodium reabsorption and blood pressure

Question 26

How much urine is excreted daily?

Answer 26

About 1.8 L of urine is excreted daily from 180 L of filtrate formed.