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Microbiology Block 2 > Endocarditis (Mr Jalan) > Flashcards

Endocarditis (Mr Jalan) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is endocarditis?

A

when there is a fungal or bacterial infection that infects the heart valves

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2
Q

what can be seen when there is endocarditis in the heart valves?

A

vegetations

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3
Q

what do vegetations cause in the heart valves?

what other structure gets damaged?

A

damage the heart valves

there is also damage to chordae tendinae

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4
Q

what is this called?

A

vegetations

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5
Q

what is this called?

A

vegetations

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6
Q

how can vegetations cause damage in other parts of the body?

A

they break off the heart valve and get released into the blood (embolization)

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7
Q

what makes individuals more prone to infectious endocarditis?

A

previous damage to the heart valves

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8
Q

what are the 2 classifications for infective endocarditis?

A
  • Acute infective endocarditis
  • Subacute infective endocarditis:
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9
Q

what defines Acute infective endocarditis?

who causes it?

A

infection of a normal valve which gets rapidly destroyed

Caused by S. aureus.

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10
Q

what defines Sub-acute infective endocarditis?

who causes it?

A

less infectious and only infects previously damaged heart valves

Caused by less virulent organisms e.g.Strep. viridans

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of infectious endocarditis?

A

strep viridans

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12
Q

what is the 2nd most common cause of infectious endocarditis?

A

staph aureus

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13
Q

what is the most common cause of infectious endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers?

A

staph aureus

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of infectious endocarditis after prosthetic valve surgery?

A

Staph. epidermidis

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15
Q

what is the most common cause of Infectious Endocarditis from intravenous catheters?

A

staph epidermidis

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16
Q

what is the Most Common cause of Infectious Endocarditis in ulcerative colitis or colorectal cancer?

A

Strep.bovis

17
Q

what are the Clinical systemic manifestations of infectious endocarditis?

A

fever

18
Q

what are the Clinical cardiac manifestations of infectious endocarditis?

A

dyspnea

Regurgitant murmur

Signs of heart failure due to mitral/aortic regurgitation

19
Q

what are the immune complex vasculitis Clinical manifestations of infectious endocarditis?

A
  • Roth’s spot (hemorrhages) in retina
  • Glomerulonephritis (vegetations that accumulate in nephrons)
20
Q

what microembolization clinical findings can be detected in infectious endocarditis?

A
  • Splinter hemorrhages in nail beds
  • Osler’s node (painful) on pads of fingers and toes
  • Janeway lesions on hand and feet (painless)
  • Splenomegaly
21
Q

A patient with infectious endocarditis has vegetations, how are they detected?

A

by tranesophageal echocardiography

Microbiology Block 2 (30 decks)

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