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Microbiology Block 2 > Antibiotics: Nucleic acid inhibitors > Flashcards

Antibiotics: Nucleic acid inhibitors Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are nucleic acid inhibitors?

A

they are inhibitors of folic acid

they are direct inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis

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2
Q

what are the 2 categories of nucleic acid inhibitors?

A
  1. Inhibitors of folic acid synthesis
  2. Direct inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis
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3
Q

what 2 enzymes are used by bacteria in order to make its DNA strands?

A

DNA topoisomerase II (gyrase)

DNA topoisomerase IV

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4
Q

what vitamin is essential for bacteria to synthetize nucleic acid?

A

TH4

(tetrahydrofolic acid)

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5
Q

do bacteria synthesize their own folate?

A

yes

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6
Q

what is the active form of folate made by bacteria?

A

TH4

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7
Q

what enzyme do bacteria need to make their own folate?

A

dyhydrofolate reductase to make dihydrofolate - the precursor of folate

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8
Q

what do you use to inhibit dihydrofolate reductase?

what will this cause?

A

folate antagonist or trimetroprim

prevents conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

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9
Q

what is an example of a folic acid inhibitor?

A

sulfonamides

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10
Q

how do sulfonamides work?

A

compete with PABA, therefore inhibiting folate synthesis

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11
Q

what are 2 examples of sulfonamides?

A

sulfamethaxazole

silver sulfadiazine

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12
Q

when are sulfonamides administered?

A

mild urinary tract infections

conjunctivitis

burns

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13
Q

what are sulfonamides known as?

A

antimetabolites

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14
Q

what adverse reactions can sulfonamides cause?

A
  • hypersensitivity = steven johnson syndrome (peeling skin/blisters, fever, respiratory problems)
  • nephrotoxicity = crystal formation (white urine)
  • hemolysis: glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
  • kernicterus = displacement of bilirubin
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15
Q

what is cotrimoxazole used to treat?

A

PCP (pneumocystis jirovecii)

urinary tract infection

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16
Q

what is cotrimoxazole ?

A

combination of sulfamethoxazole (SXT) & trimethoprim (TMP)

17
Q

sulfamethoxazole (SXT) & trimethoprim (TMP) in combination will act as bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

they will act as bacteriocidal

18
Q

what are Fluoroquinolones?

A

drugs that inhibit bacterial enzymes needed for DNA replication

19
Q

what enzymes do Fluoroquinolones target?

A

DNA topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

DNA topoisomerase IV

20
Q

how many groups do Fluoroquinolones have?

A

3

21
Q

what is norfloxacin used for?

what other drug can be used?

A

urinary tract infection

cipro

22
Q

what is the 1st group of fluoroquinolones?

A

norfloxacin

23
Q

what is the 2nd group of fluoroquinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin**, Ofloxacin

24
Q

what is the 3rd group of fluoroquinolones?

A

Sparfloxacin

25
Q

2nd group fluoroquinolones is used against what bacteria?

A

gram -

26
Q

3rd group fluoroquinolones is used against what bacteria?

A

gram - and +

27
Q

what drug is used to treat Typhoid fever?

A

ciproflaxin

28
Q

what drug is used to treat Uncomplicated Urinary tract infection?

A

cotrimoxazole

29
Q

what drug is used to treat complicated Urinary tract infection?

A

Ciprofloxacin

30
Q

what is complicated UTI?

A

when infection reaches kidneys

31
Q

what is uncomplicated UTI?

A

when infection is in the urethra

32
Q

what adverse effects can occur while taking fluoroquinones?

A

They deposit in cartilage and cause ruptured tendons*

33
Q

fluoroquinones should not be given to whom?

A

pregnant women and children

34
Q

what type of bacteria does Metronidazole (Flagyl)** target?

is it bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

A

anaerobic bacteria and some parasites

bacteriocidal

35
Q

how does metronidazole work?

A

Forms free radical toxic metabolites in bacterial cell

36
Q

what is an adverse reaction to metronidazole?

A

disulfiram like reaction (vomiting, nausea, tachycardia)

37
Q

Sulfonamides will inhibit what bacterial enzyme needed for folate synthesis?

A

Dihydropteroate syhthase

Microbiology Block 2 (30 decks)

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