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NBDE Pt 2 Flash Cards > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

The initial colonizing bacteria is collectively known as ___ plaque and predominantly consists of ___ ___ microorganisms. Namely ___ and ___.

A

Supragingival

Gram-positive facultative

Acintomyces viscosus

Streptococcus sanguinis

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2
Q

What is the earliest manifestation of a carious lesion?

A

Change in enamel opacity

Change in enamel opacity will eventually lead to further tooth surface destruction nd formation of tooth decay if not addressed immediately

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3
Q

What is pulp hyperemia?

A

A type of reversible pulpitis that describes an accumulation of blood in the pulp space with vascular congestion due to a physical, chemical, or microbial insult

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4
Q

Pain from a hyperemic pulp has what 4 characteristics?

A

Brief

Low intensity

Not spontaneous

Does not remain following stimulus removal

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5
Q

Bleaching an inadequately obturated tooth can lead to ___. Why?

A

Symptomatic apical periodontitis

Bleaching agents may leech into the root canal treated tooth and beyond into the apical portion, causing periapical swelling/pain.

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6
Q

What is the treatment of choice for teeth with non-vital pulps resulting from trauma?

A

RCT

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7
Q

Cracks typically extend ____ deep into dentin in posterior teeth. They typically begin to propagate in the region of the ___.

A

Mesiodistally

Marginal ridges

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8
Q

When is a pulpectomy indicated for a primary tooth? When is a pulpotomy indicated?

A

Pulpectomy - no tooth mobility but the infection might already have reached the pulp

Pulpotomy - primary teeth having suffered accidental pulp exposure or bacterial attack that only affects the coronal portion of the pulp

Note that indirect pulp capping is not indicated for primary teeth but is used for permanent teeth with a cavity or caries approximating the pulp

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9
Q

In periapical cemental dysplasia, the presence of an intact ___ along the apical portion of the involved tooth also shows that the radiolucency did not come from an infected tooth.

A

Lamina dura

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10
Q

What is the likely outcome of an intruded maxillary incisor seen in a ten-year-old child that occurred due to trauma? Why?

A

Necrosis, because the blood vessels supplying the pulp are impeded

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11
Q

Why do intrusion of primary teeth do not typically result in necrotic pulp?

A

Because the blood flow is better because of the open apex.

90% of intruded primary teeth re-erupt after two to six months

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12
Q

What is the correct shape of access preparation for a maxillary central incisor?

A

Triangular

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13
Q

Why is pulp capping and pulpotomy more successful in newly erupted teeth than fully matured teeth?

A

They have open apices which allows for better circulation.

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14
Q

In what cell layer does the nervous plexus of raschkow reside?

A

The cell-rich layer which is between the core of the pulp and the cell-free zone. Axons of the plexus lose their myelin sheath as they penetrate the cell-rich and cell-free zones to make synaptic contact with the odontoblasts cell body in the pulp or odontoblastic process within the dentinal tubules

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15
Q

What is the role of the plexus of raschkow?

A

Monitors painful sensations as well as mediation of inflammatory events and subsequent tissue repair

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16
Q

In a young patient, a ___ mm pulp exposure is considered too large for ____ and apexogenesis should be attempted instead.

A

2

Direct pulp capping

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17
Q

In apexogenesis, a ___ is performed and the chamber is filled with a layer of ____ in order to ___

A

Pulpotomy

MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate)

Leave the root intact and allow the finishing of root formation

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18
Q

What is apexification?

A

Involves the addition of calcium hydroxide to the canal after the pulpal tissue is completely removed. Application of calcium hydroxide induces calcification across the apex and formation of a calcific barrier. RCT therapy is completed following calcification of the apex.

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19
Q

Apexification is contraindicated in what three cases?

A

A vital pulp

Very short roots

Marginal periodontal breakdown

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20
Q

What is the access shape for a maxillary 1st molar with four canal orifices?

A

Blunted triangular-shaped or rhomboidal

The MB and DB orifice are most commonly located near each other.

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21
Q

What is the best way to allow for complete cleaning and shaping of the root canal system?

A

Obtainment of straight line access

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22
Q

In RCT, filing should be performed ___mm [short/long] of the radiographic apex and obturated ___mm [short/long] of the radiographic apex.

A
  1. 5-1mm short

0. 5-1mm short

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23
Q

True or false… failure rates are high in cases where the root canal is filed and obturated up to or beyond the radiographic apex.

A

True

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24
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar typically has __ root with __ canal(s) in __% of cases.

A

1

2

50%

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25
Q

Maxillary 1st molars typically have __ canals which are…

A

4

MB, MB2, DB, P

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26
Q

Mandibular premolars typically present with __ canal(s) and ___ root(s).

A

1

1

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27
Q

What material is is indicated to dissolve, soften, or otherwise remove gutta percha?

A

Chloroform

This is used in retreatment cases

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28
Q

EDTA is a ___ solution used to…

A

Chelating

Remove inorganic components of a root canal such as smear layer

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29
Q

True or false… eugenol and IRM is germicidal

A

True

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30
Q

Recapitulation is utilized during ___ ___ to accomplish what?

A

Step back enlargement

To remove dentin filings from the apical segments that are not removed by irrigation

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31
Q

Performing recapitulation after each file prevents preparation errors such as…

A

Apical transportation

Incomplete instrumentation

Underfilling during obturation

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32
Q

True or false… sodium hypochlorite irrigation is the most important factor for disinfection of a root

A

False… complete mechanical debridement is the most important factor

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33
Q

What surface of what root of what toot is the most likely to undergo strip perforation during root canal instrumentation

A

Distal surface of mesial root of mandibular first molar (also the mesial surface of the distal root)

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34
Q

Why is zinc oxide predominantly found in most root canal sealers?

A

It has antibiotic properties and serves to prevent reinfection of the root canal

Eugenol, is sometimes used in conjunction and serves to sedate and soothe the periradicular nerve tissues to decrease postobturation sensitivity

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35
Q

What are the color codes for files?

A 
10 Purple
15 White
20 Yellow
25 Red
30 Blue
35 Green
40 Black
45 White
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36
Q

MB2 is located ___ to the orifice of MB1 and is observed in ___ of patients.

A

Lingual

~98%

The MB2 canal often times joins with the MB1 canal before the apex is reached

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37
Q

True or false.. reaming action will enlarge a root canal and make it more round in shape

A

True

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38
Q

Rotating files in a ___ direction will force debris apically, while ___ rotation will direct debris coronally.

A

Counterclockwise

Clockwise

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39
Q

What four things is sodium hypochlorite used for?

A

Dissolve organic matter

Kill bacteria

Lubricate the canal

Irrigate the canal

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40
Q

in the case of root amputation for periodontal reasons, which is performed first, RCT or periodontal therapy?

A

RCT and resection followed by periodontal therapy

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41
Q

What is the function of calcium hydroxide in apexification?

A

Creation of high pH conducive to bone growth and helps mineralized the root apex.

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42
Q

Pins should be placed __mm from the DEJ. They should be placed __mm into the amalgam. Pins [should/should not] be bent.

A

1mm

2mm

Should not

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43
Q

True or false… a post enhances the resistance of the restoration to lateral forces

A

True

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44
Q

What is the most likely adverse effect of internally bleaching an endodontically treated tooth with superoxide?

A

External cervical root resorption

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45
Q

The presence of a ____ barrier over the root-filling material may help to reduce the instances of external cervical root resorption when superoxide is used for internal bleaching if it is at least __mm in thickness.

A

Glass ionomer

4mm

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46
Q

True or false… the walking bleach technique using sodium perforate is NOT associated with external cervical root resorption

A

True, it is NOT associated

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47
Q

True or false… internal bleaching weakens tooth structure.

A

False

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48
Q

The rule of thumb for post preparation is that you prepare the canals so that ___ of the root has gutta percha remaining (or about __mm)

A

1/2

5mm

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49
Q

A depth of at least ___mm into the root canal is essential for the retention of an amalgam restoration in an endodontically treated tooth.

A

3mm

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50
Q

True or false.. teeth with sinus tracts do NOT require antibiotics. Why?

A

True, teeth weigh sinus tracts do not require antibiotics because the infection drains

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51
Q

What should be done If a sinus tract does not health within one month after RCT?

A

Root-end surgery should be performed

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52
Q

What is the walking bleach technique?

A

Intracoronal bleaching technique which utilizes a mix of sodium perforate and anesthetic or steril water to create a paste to be sealed into the pulp chamber for 14-21 days

The walking bleach technique should be repeated as necessary until the desired tooth color is attained

This technique is used on teeth that have already undergone endodontic therapy and does not lighten staining due to previous amalgam placement

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53
Q

External root resorption may occur in the walking bleach technique if what happens?

A

The canal is not obturated properly or if 30% hydrogen peroxide (superoxol) is used

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54
Q

____ is used for vital tooth bleaching (external bleaching)

A

Carbamide peroxide

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55
Q

Endodontic treatment of a tooth should result in the osseous regeneration of the bone around the apex of the tooth and subsequent healing of the periapical lesion. The healing is gradual and may take ___ to ___ to resolve.

A

6 months to 1 year

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56
Q

Why are barium salts added to gutta percha?

A

To make it radiopaque

Zinc oxide (70%)
Barium sulfates (5%)
Waxes, resins, gutta percha (24%)
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57
Q

Evaluating obturation requires assessment of what three things?

A

Fit of gutta-percha points

Density of gutta-percha fill

Level of gutta-percha in the canal

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58
Q

Periapical bone regeneration usually occurs at a rate of about ___mm per month

A

1.2

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59
Q

In posterior teeth, cracks typically extend in a ___ direction deep into dentin. They typically begin to propagate in the region of the marginal ridges

A

Mesiodistal

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60
Q

A fracture in the ___ third of the root would have the best prognosis.

A

Apical

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61
Q

How do you confirm a diagnosis of subluxation?

A

Bleeding from the gingival sulcus confirms the diagnosis. Subluxation is an injury to the tooth-supporting structures, resulting in increased mobility but does not displace the tooth

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62
Q

An 8 year old boy presents to your office with a traumatized #8 that no longer responds to electric and thermal vitality tests. What should be done? Why?

A

Re-evaluation in 2 weeks.

Traumatized immature teeth may give false reading with thermal and electrical vitality tests. Although their blood supply may still be intact, their nerve may not respond. As circulation is restored to the tooth, responsiveness may return after 2 weeks.

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63
Q

True or false… a tooth that is replanted must first be stabilized in its proper position before any treatment can be performed (RCT)

A

True

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64
Q

A 10 year old patient presents to your office with a horizontal root fracture in the middle third of the root of tooth #8. The tooth is mobile and tests vital to cold. What should be done? Why?

A

Splint the tooth and observe. (2 weeks)

Pulp necrosis is rare for the apical segment because the circulation remains intact following the trauma. Of all cases, 25%-75% remain vital after horizontal root fracture.

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65
Q

Why might a mid-root fracture become more visible after RCT? What is the prognosis?

A

The sealer flows out into the space between the fractured pieces.

Prognosis of treating a mid-root fracture is relatively poor

When treating teeth with horizontal fractures that have limited mobility, the remaining coronal portion of the tooth root and its crown should undergo RCT and the apical portion should be removed via apical surgery

66
Q

What is the best decision when an instrument is separated in the apical third after cleaning and shaping have occurred?

A

Do not attempt to remove, and proceed to obturation.

The prognosis of the tooth will be considered more favorable if the infected dentin has already been debrided from the canal. It will also be considered more favorable the more apically the instrument separation occurred.

67
Q

Why is an electric dental pulp vitality test contraindicated just after a traumatic injury?

A

A negative response may be temporary because the neural transmission was interrupted (false negative) - it may take about 2 months to respond to electric pulp testing again. Electric pulp testing gives the status of the pulpal nerve fibers, not the blood supply of the tooth.

68
Q

Another term for replacement resorption is ___

A

Ankylosis

69
Q

True or false… sealer contains disinfectant properties

A

False

70
Q

Immediately after tooth trauma, which clinical finding is the least informative for determining the prognosis of the tooth. Why?

A

Tooth vitality because the lack of pulpal response in a tooth can be attributed to the injury within the tooth’s nerve fibers. An immediate vitality test might be inaccurate, so subsequent vitality tests should be conducted to evaluate pulp status. At least 8 weeks might pass before the tooth displays normal pulp response

71
Q

How long should you wait after tooth trauma to receive an accurate pulp vitality test?

A

8 weeks

72
Q

Development of pulp necrosis is most commonly seen in which type of dental trauma?

A

Intrusive luxation.

73
Q

When is intentional replantation indicated?

A

When the apical half of the root of a tooth cannot be engaged, cleaned, and shaped. The procedure is done by extracting the apical segment and replanting the coronal segment that recently received RCT

74
Q

Splinting should be [rigid/flexible] and should last for ___ weeks to prevent replacement resorption (AKA ___). What will happen if splinting lasts too long?

A

Flexible

2

Ankylosis

The portion of the tooth that was resorbed is replaced by the healing bone, causing ankylosis

75
Q

What is the best outline shape for the access preparation of a mandibular 1st molar with 3 canals?

A

Trapezoidal (follows the position of the cusp tips)

76
Q

____ can differentiate into secondary odontoblasts which secrete ____

A

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Tertiary dentin

77
Q

Pulp lacks ____ which limits its ability to cope with infection

A

Collateral circulation

78
Q

What is sclerotic dentin?

A

Calcification of tubules in response to slowly advancing caries or aging

79
Q

Reactionary dentin is reaction to ___ damage (AKA secondary dentin)

A

Minor

80
Q

Reparative dentin (AKA ____) is repair for ___ damage

A

Tertiary dentin

Major

81
Q

List the histologic zones of pulp from dentin inwards

A

Predentin

Odotnoblastic layer

Cell-free zone of Weil

Cell-rich zone

Pulp core

82
Q

What is the difference between hyperalgesia and allodynia?

A

Hyperalgesia = heightened response to pain

Allodynia = reduced pain threshold, pain due to stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

83
Q

Preauricular pain often refers from ____ since both share V3 innervation

A

Mandibular molars

84
Q

What chemical is endo ice? It is what temperature?

A

Dichlorodifluoromethane

-30C

85
Q

How do you properly use endo ice?

A

Chilled cotton pellet is applied immediately to middle third of facial surface of crown for 5 seconds. Make sure tooth is throughly dried before hand.

Intensity and duration of response provide information about pulpal diagnosis

86
Q

True or false… electrical pulp testing is more reliable than cold testing

A

False. It is the least reliable pulp vitality testing method.

87
Q

Electrical pulp testing indicates if there are ____ present in the pulp, but does not provide any information about the ____ supply to the pulp which is the true indication of pulp vitality. It is contraindicated in what circumstance?

A

Vital sensory fibers

Vascular supply

Cardiac pacemaker

88
Q

In what two ways can you get a false positive with electrical pulp testing?

A

Accidentally touch gingiva

Tooth isn’t sufficiently dried

89
Q

In what two ways would you get a false negative result with electrical pulp testing?

A

Recent trauma to the tooth

Excessive calcification of the canal

90
Q

True or false… pulp necrosis is usually asymptomatic but not always. Can be partial or total

A

True

91
Q

Pulp necrosis is due to long-term interruption of ___ to the pulp. Crown ___ May accompany pulp necrosis in anterior teeth.

A

Blood supply

Discoloration

92
Q

What is the key way to diagnose an asymptomatic apical periodontitis case?

A

Apical radiolucency and confirmation of pulpal necrosis

93
Q

How is a chronic apical abscess diagnosed?

A

Draining sinus tract, usually without discomfort.

94
Q

What is the key feature of symptomatic apical periodontitis?

A

Pain on percussion

95
Q

A 20 file is ___ in color. If it has 02 tapper, It is ___mm in diameter at the tip (D1), __mm in diameter at D2, and __Mm at D16.

A

Yellow

.2mm

.22

.52

96
Q

What is significant about D16?

A

It is where the cutting flutes end

97
Q

Sodium hypochlorite dissolves [organic/inorganic] material

A

Organic

98
Q

EDTA dissolves [organic/inorganic] material

A

Inorganic

99
Q

What is the primary bacteria for primary endodontic infections?

A

Bacteroides

100
Q

What is the primary bacteria for failed endodontic treatment?

A

Enterococcus faecalis

101
Q

Enterococcus faecalis is a gram [positive/negative] facultative [aerobic/anaerobic] bacteria

A

Positive

Anaerobic

102
Q

What is trephination?

A

Surgical opening in hard tissue to release exudate and pressure

103
Q

In periapical microsurgery, ___mm of root tip is resected. This is called an apicoectomy. A bevel of __degress is ideal. Then, ___mm is prepared and filled with ____

A

3mm

0-10

3mm

MTA

104
Q

What is a ledge? Why do they occur?

A

An artificial irregularity created on surface of root canal wall

Lack of proper straight line access, inadequate glide path, occur more frequently in curved canals, long canals, and narrow canals, inadequate irrigation or lubrication

105
Q

How do you bypass a ledge?

A

Use smaller instrument to work around it (renegotiation)

Put a small bend in the file to help bypass the ledge

106
Q

Why do instruments separate in a canal?

A

Excessive force

Jumping up a file size too fast.

Inadequate irrigation or lubrication

Not replacing files often enough

107
Q

True or false… flexible NiTi files are more likely to fracture

A

True

108
Q

What do you do when an instrument has separated?

A

Use a smaller instrument to bypass

109
Q

Is it a better prognosis to have the file separate early or later in the instrumentation process? Why?

A

Later, because most of the bacteria has been removed at this point

110
Q

Strip perforation is often due to ___. Where are the “danger zones” located?

A

Excessive coronal flaring

Distal of mesial root and mesial of distal root because there is a concavity at the furcation

111
Q

Does root perforation have a better prognosis if it is mor coronal or more apical?

A

More apical has better prognosis

112
Q

What are some signs of a perforation?

A

Immediate hemorrhage or sudden pain

113
Q

How do you repair a root perforation?

A

Internal repair with MTA

114
Q

Describe the Ellis classification system class 1 - class 6

A

Class 1 - enamel only

Class 2 - enamel and dentin

Class 3 - enamel, dentin, and pulp

Class 4 - traumatized tooth that has become non-vital

Class 5 - luxation

Class 6 - avulsion

115
Q

What is an uncomplicated fracture?

A

Fracture without pulp involvement (Ellis class 1 and class 2)

116
Q

What is the treatment if the fracture only involves enamel? What if it involves enamel and dentin?

A

Smooth edges

Restore

117
Q

What is the treatment of choice if the complicated fracture presents to your office in less than 24 hours?

A

Direct pulp cap

118
Q

What is the treatment of choice when a patient has a complicated fracture and comes to your office within 24-72 hours?

A

Cvek pulpotomy

119
Q

What is the treatment of choice if the patient has a complicated fracture and presents to your office in 72 hours or later?

A

Pulpotomy

120
Q

In a horizontal root fracture, the ___segment is displaced and the __ segment is not displaced. What radiographs should be taken?

A

Coronal

Apical

3 PAs and 1 occlusal

121
Q

What is the ideal healing of a horizontal root fracture?

A

Calcific healing at the fracture site - calcific metamorphosis can reattach fragments in close proximity via calcification

122
Q

What is the treatment of choice in a vital horizontal root fracture case? Coronal fracture? Midroot fracture? Apical fracture?

A

Splint ASAP

Coronal fracture - rigid splint for 6-12 weeks

Midroot fracture - flexible splint for 3 weeks

Apical fracture - flexible splint for 2 weeks maximum to avoid ankylosis (has the best prognosis)

123
Q

Which is better a complete transverse horizontal fracture or an oblique fracture?

A

Oblique

124
Q

In a horizontal root fracture case, which segment is most likely to be necrotic?

A

Coronal segment

Necrosis of apical segment is very rare

125
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a concussion case?

A

Let the tooth rest.

126
Q

What is subluxation?

A

No displacement, increased mobility

PDL rips and bleeds

127
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a subluxation?

A

Flexible splint for 1-2 weeks

128
Q

There is a ___% chance of necrosis in a subluxation case with closed apices. It is [more/less] favorable in cases with open apices

A

6%

More

129
Q

What is the treatment of choice in an extrusion case with an open apex? What if it was a closed apex? Which has a more favorable prognosis?

A

Reposition, flexible splint, monitor

Reposition, flexible splint, RCT if needed

Open apex

Closed apices have a 65% chance of necrosis

130
Q

In lateral luxation, the crown is usually displaced ___ and the root apex is displaced ___. What is the treatment of choice? __% chance of necrosis in cases with closed apices.

A

Palatally

Labially

Same treatment options as extrusion

80%

131
Q

What is the treatment of choice in the case of an intrusion with an open apex? What about a closed apex?

A

Open - allow to reerupt

Closed - reposition, flexible splint, RCT

132
Q

There is a __% chance of necrosis in a case of intrusion with a closed apex.

A

96%

133
Q

What is the treatment of choice in an avulsion case with a closed apex and the EADT (extraalveolar dry time) is less than 60 minutes?

A

Reimplant, splint

134
Q

What is the treatment of choice in an avulsion case with an open apex and the EADT (extraalveolar dry time) is less than 60 minutes?

A

Reimplant, splint, no RCT but apexification at first sign of infected pulp

135
Q

What is the treatment of choice in an avulsion case with a closed apex and the EADT (extraalveolar dry time) is greater than 60 minutes?

A

Reimplant, splint, RCT

136
Q

What is the treatment of choice in an avulsion case with an open apex and the EADT (extraalveolar dry time) is greater than 60 minutes?

A

May or may not reimplant, splint, RCT, plan for implant

137
Q

Calcium hydroxide has a pH of ___. How does it work?

A

12.5

Cauterized tissue and kills bacteria

It stimulates secondary odontoblasts to repair with dentinal bridge formation

138
Q

How does MTA work? It is composed of what three minerals?

A

Stimulates cementoblastes to produce hard tissue

Calcium, silicon, aluminum

139
Q

True or false… MTA has bismuth oxide as an opacifier. It has a long setting time of 3 hours. It sets in the presence of moisture. It is antimicrobial. And it is a great sealing agent because it is nonresorbable

A

True

140
Q

What are the 3 three’s of MTA?

A

3 minerals - calcium, silicon, aluminum

3 hour setting time

3 advantages: sets in presence of moisture. Antimicrobial. Nonresorbable (great sealing agent)

141
Q

When is an indirect pulp cap indicated?

A

Deep caries that is approximating the pulp. Not touching the pulp but very close (less than a mm away)

142
Q

A direct pulp cap is indicated if there is a mechanical exposure of

A

2mm

6 weeks

143
Q

When would you do a pulpotomy on a permanent tooth?

A

Traumatic exposure that occurred over 72 hours ago

144
Q

In a pulpotomy, formocresol is placed directly over the pulp canals. What then occurs?

A

Fixation, which renders it resistant to enzymatic breakdown. This will then cause the underlying pulp to undergo coagulation necrosis. Hopefully the very ends of the canal remains vital

145
Q

What are the contents in Buckley’s formocresol?

A

19% formaldehyde

35% cresol

15% glycerine

31% water

It is a bacteriocidal and a fixative (fixes the pulp tissue, devitalizes it, and makes it resistant to enzymatic breakdown)

146
Q

In a pulpectomy, ___ is placed in the crown, and ___ is placed in the root.

A

ZOE

CaOH

147
Q

Which primary teeth are most difficult to perform pulpectomies on? Why?

A

Primary first molars. They have lots of accessory canals

148
Q

If a primary tooth is symptomatic is it usually best to extract or perform a pulpectomy?

A

Extract

149
Q

In apexogenesis, __ or __ is placed on healthy or diseased pulp to allow the body to make a stronger root.

A

Calcium hydroxide

MTA

150
Q

True or false… apexogenesis technically includes any indirect pulp cap, direct pulp cap, cvek pulpotomy, or pulpotomy performed in an immature permanent tooth to allow further root development

A

True

151
Q

When is apexogenesis contraindicated?

A

Avulsed, nonrestorable, severe horizontal fracture, and necrotic teeth.

152
Q

When is apexification done instead of apexogenesis?

A

If the tooth root is not fully developed yet the tooth is NONVITAL

This doesn’t allow the root to finish developing (it can’t cause its nonvital), instead this allows the root end to close.

Disinfection of root canal followed by induction of an acceptable apical barrier.

CaOH or MTA is placed at base of canal after dead or dying pulp is removed

153
Q

Cracked tooth syndrome has pain on ____. It is sensitive to ___. It is sometimes completely asymptomatic.

A

Biting and on release

Cold and hot

154
Q

True or false… dyes and transillumintaion are more helpful for identifying cracks than radiographs. Tooth slooth on each cusp can aid in location of the crack.

A

True

155
Q

What is the treatment for a cracked tooth with a healthy pulp? What about diseased pulp?

A

Splint with band and observe. Or crown

Conservative RCT and crown

156
Q

A vertical root fracture starts ___ and progresses ___

A

Apically

Coronally

157
Q

Vertical root fractures are most likely to occur after ____

A

Cementation of a post or excessive condensation forces on an overprepared canal (most common)

158
Q

How are vertical root fractures often found?

A

Isolated probing defect at site of fracture

J-shaped or teardrop radiolucency

159
Q

What is the treatment of choice for a vertical root fracture of a single rooted tooth? What about a multi-rooted tooth?

A

Extract

Extract or respect affected root

160
Q

What is the ideal treatment option for a vertical root fracture?

A

Extraction

161
Q

In a true combined perio-endo lesion. Which is treated first, the endo or the perio?

A

Treat endo first, then perio

162
Q

What surface of which root is most likely to undergo strip perforation in RCT of a mandibular molar?

A

Distal area of mesial root

NBDE Pt 2 Flash Cards (23 decks)

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