Emvironmental Threats

Question 1

Arthropods

Answer 1

Animals including spiders, ticks, mites and other insects as well as crustations such as lobster and crabs.

Question 2

Vector

Answer 2

A carrier of disease causing organism.

Question 3

Envenomation

Answer 3

Introduction of venom to the body.

Question 4

Passive transmission

Answer 4

When the arthropod carrying the pathogen does nothing except “go along for the ride”.

Question 5

Four ways of active transmission

Answer 5

Inoculation: vector injects pathogen into host along with saliva
Regurgitation: vector vomits into host while feeding on it
Fecal contamination: vector defocates into wound on host.
Crushing the vector: vector is smashed into skin of host

Question 6

Cholera

Answer 6

Acute bacterial infection involving small intestine marked by profuse secretory diarrhea.

Question 7

Dysentery

Answer 7

Diarrhea containing blood and mucus from inflammation in GI tract.

Question 8

Typhoid

Answer 8

Acute bacterial infection caused by food or water contaminated with salmonella.

Question 9

Phlebotmine sandfly fever

Answer 9

Acute viral disease transferred through the bite of a sandfly.

Question 10

Leishmaniasis

Answer 10

Disease from sandfly bite in three forms. Visceral (95% death rate of untreated), cutaneous (most common form, often results in lifelong disability), mucotaneous (partially of completely destroys mucus membranes in mouth and nose).

Question 11

What infection do mites cause?

Answer 11

Scabies and chiggers.

Question 12

What are the two common venomous snakes in America?

Answer 12

Corral snake and pit viper.

Question 13

Heat cramps signs/symptoms

Answer 13

Painful spasms of skeletal muscles and dehydration.

Question 14

Heat exhaustion signs/symptoms

Answer 14

Dehydration, headache, loss of appetite, moist and pale skin, dark urine, and core temp between 99-103.9.

Question 15

Heat stroke signs/symptoms

Answer 15

Hot, red, and dry skin. Profuse sweating, vomiting, nausea, and weakness. Core temp greater than 104, altered mental status, tachypnea and tachycardia.

Question 16

Exertional rhabdomyloysis

Answer 16

Realease of cellular content into blood circulation resulting from over exertion.

Question 17

Exertional hyponatremia

Answer 17

Drinking too much water.

Question 18

Different hypothermia temps

Answer 18

Mild: 93-97
Moderate: 86-93
Severe: under 86

Question 19

Chilblains cause

Answer 19

Exposure to damp, nonfreezing temperatures.

Question 20

Immersion syndrome

Answer 20

Resulting from prolonged exposure of feet to cold water/mud, damp boots/socks, or tight boots blocking circulation.

Question 21

How long does acclimitization take?

Answer 21

Two weeks

Question 22

Acute mountain sickness and high altitude cerebral edema

Answer 22

Mountain sickness normally occurring above 6500 feet. Cerebral edema is water in brain from leaking fluids usually 10000-12000 feet.