EMT Medical Equipment Flashcards
Junctional tourniquet
A device that provides proximal compression of severe bleeding near the axial or inguinal junction with the torso.
oropharyngeal airway (OPA)
A medical device that’s used to keep a patient’s airway open or maintain it. It’s a rigid, curved device made of plastic or rubber that’s inserted into the mouth to move the tongue away from the back of the throat and prevent it from blocking the epiglottis.
nasopharyngeal airway (NPA)
Also known as a nasal trumpet or nose hose, is a flexible tube that’s inserted through a patient’s nose to keep an airway open. It’s used to treat upper airway obstructions at the level of the nose, nasopharynx, or base of the tongue, and can be used in patients who are conscious, semi-conscious, or lightly anesthetized.
BVM
Bag valve mask
New York State’s bag-valve-mask (BVM) ventilation protocol for patients who are not breathing but have a pulse includes the following steps:
Attach the bag to the mask
Open the airway
Ventilate the patient:
Squeeze the bag over 1–2 seconds, then release
Each ventilation should be at least 800cc
Ensure the patient’s chest rises during ventilations
Continue ventilating for 30 seconds, at a rate of one breath every 5–6 seconds
Attach oxygen:
Assemble the oxygen tank and regulator
Attach the oxygen tubing to the regulator and the BVM’s reservoir
Turn on the oxygen and adjust the regulator to 15–25 liters per minute
NRB
NON-REBREATHER MASKS (NRB)
Non-rebreather masks are used to deliver high-flow oxygen to a patient without the possibility of them rebreathing expired carbon dioxide. They have the advantage of delivering nearly 100% FiO2; this is often lower due to the variable fit of the mask on the patient’s face.
NRB’s are used in patients that have critically low SPO2 levels. The patient must be able to breathe unassisted, that is, have adequate tidal volume.
To place an NRB on a patient, first, connect the tubing to the oxygen regulator and turn up the flow to the desired rate (at a minimum of 10 LPM). Allow the bag at the mask of the NRB to inflate fully and then place the mask over the patient’s mouth and nose, securing with the strap that goes behind the head and manipulating the metal nose clip to fit snugly around the nose.
RATE: The rate for NRB oxygen administration in adults is between 10 and 15 Lpm, and should not be lower than 10 LPM. Values below this do not provide enough oxygen to fully inflate the bag before each breath and can restrict the patient’s breathing. NRB oxygen administration is limited by the respiration rate, depth, and quality of the patient.
NC
Nasal cannula
New York State’s basic life support (BLS) protocols for adults and children state that a nasal cannula (NC) can be used to deliver oxygen therapy at a rate of 2–6 liters per minute (LPM). This can help maintain oxygen saturation if it’s below 94% or to manage other signs of dyspnea.
NC
Nasal cannula
New York State’s basic life support (BLS) protocols for adults and children state that a nasal cannula (NC) can be used to deliver oxygen therapy at a rate of 2–6 liters per minute (LPM). This can help maintain oxygen saturation if it’s below 94% or to manage other signs of dyspnea.
glucometers
Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) in New York State can use glucometers to test a patient’s blood glucose levels in pre-hospital settings if their EMS agency is approved by WREMAC and the EMTs complete an approved training program.
pulse oximeter
pulse ox
is a small, electronic device that clips onto a fingertip to measure blood oxygen saturation and heart rate. It uses light beams to shine through the fingernail, skin, tissue, and blood, and a sensor on the other side measures how much light passes through without being absorbed. The device then calculates the percentage of oxygen in the red blood cells and displays the measurement on a screen.
