Chapter 32 - Orthopedic injuries

Question 1

What are the three types muscles?

Answer 1

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Question 2

What are skeletal muscles?

Answer 2

Also called striated muscle because of its characteristic stripes, attaches to the bones and usually crossed at least one joint. This type of muscle is also called voluntary muscle because it is under direct voluntary control of the brain, responding to commands to move specific body parts. Makes up the largest portion of the body’s muscle mass. Primary functions are movement and posture.

Question 3

Cardiac muscle

Answer 3

Contributes to the cardiovascular system

Question 4

Smooth muscle

Answer 4

Is a component of other body systems, including the digestive system and the cardiovascular system.

Question 5

Any break in a bone in which the overlying skin is not broken

Answer 5

closed fracture

Question 6

A grating or grinding sensation or sound caused by fractured bone ends or joints rubbing together.

Answer 6

crepitus

Question 7

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another, producing deformity in the limb.

Answer 7

displaced fracture

Question 8

A simple crack in the bone that has not caused the bone to move from its normal anatomic position; also called a hairline fracture.

Answer 8

nondisplaced fracture

Question 9

A simple joint where the bony projections of the scapula and the clavicle meet at the top of the shoulder.

Answer 9

acromioclavicular (AC) joint

Question 10

The major nerve to the lower extremities; controls much of muscle function in the leg and sensation in most of the leg and foot.

Answer 10

sciatic nerve

Question 11

Movement that occurs in a bone at a point where there is no joint, indicating a fracture; also called free movement.

Answer 11

false motion

Question 12

A break in the continuity of a bone.

Answer 12

fracture

Question 13

The bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite the use of direct pressure; useful if a patient is bleeding severely from a partial or complete amputation.

Answer 13

tourniquet

Question 14

Longitudinal force applied to a structure.

Answer 14

traction

Question 15

Stretching or tearing of a muscle; also called a muscle pull.

Answer 15

strain

Question 16

The place where two bones come into contact.

Answer 16

joint

Question 17

Blood in the urine.

Answer 17

hematuria

Question 18

A _________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

Answer 18

sprain

Question 19

A fracture caused by minimal force that is associated with diseases such as cancer and osteoporosis is called a ______ fracture.

Answer 19

pathologic

Question 20

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:

Answer 20

muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma.

Question 21

Bone marrow produces

Answer 21

blood cells

Question 22

Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, except:

Answer 22

deformity.

Question 23

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity.

Answer 23

If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Question 24

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike fibrous structures called:

Answer 24

tendons

Question 25

The most commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

Answer 25

clavicle

Question 26

Traction splints primarily immobilize and secure fractures of the

Answer 26

femur

Question 27

Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?

Answer 27

Skeletal