Chapter 31 - Abdominal and Genitourinary Injuries Flashcards
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Hollow organs
Stomach, large and small intestines, gallbladder, ureters, and urinary bladder
Solid organs
Liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal gland, and ovaries
The displacement of organs outside of the body
Evisceration
The region below the rib cage and above the hip
Flank
Involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis
Guarding
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
The abdominal cavity
Peritoneal cavity
The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritonaeum) and covering the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum).
Peritoneum
The potential space located posterior to the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen.
Retroperitoneum
In case of evisceration, what do you do?
Never replace an organ that protrudes from an open injury to the abdomen. Instead, keep the organ mist and warm. Cover the injury side with a large, sterile, moist, bulky dressing and an occlusive dressing, if specified by local protocol.
Injuries to the kidneys may be difficult to detect because:
They are located in the well protected region of the body. Be alert to bruising or a hematoma in the flank region.
How to treat a patient in shock?
Place patient supine, keep the patient warm, and provide high-flow oxygen.
Abdominal injuries are categorized as either:
Open (penetrating trauma) or closed (blunt force trauma)
What is rebound tenderness?
Also known as Blumberg’s sign or Shchetkin-Blumberg’s sign, is a clinical sign that occurs when pressure is suddenly released from the abdomen, causing more pain than when the pressure was applied. It’s a sign of peritonitis, which is when the tissue lining the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) becomes inflamed, irritated, or infected.
What is blunt force trauma?
Closed injuries from an object striking the body without breaking the skin such as being hit a baseball bat or when the patient’s body strikes the steering wheel during a motor vehicle crash.
Right upper quadrant (RUQ) organs
Gallbladder, the duodenum of the intestines ,the majority of the liver, and a small portion of the pancreas
Left upper quadrant (LUQ) organs
Spleen, most of the stomach, and the larger portion of the pancreas
Left lower quadrant (LLQ) organs
Portions of the large and small intestines (most notably, the descending colon and the left half of the transverse colon).
Right lower quadrant (RLQ) organs
Also contains large portions of the large and small intestines (including the ascending colon and the right half of the transverse colon), as well as the appendix, which is situated at the proximal end of the ascending colon.
A flail chest occurs when
a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.
A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:
requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.
A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is most suggestive of a:
myocardial contusion.
A simple pneumothorax
is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.
Hemoptysis is defined as:
coughing up blood.
Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will most likely cause:
distention.
All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, except the:
spleen
Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen after blunt trauma is most suggestive of injury to the:
liver
During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:
intra-abdominal bleeding.
The mesentery is:
a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.
