Chapter 31 - Abdominal and Genitourinary Injuries

Question 1

Hollow organs

Answer 1

Stomach, large and small intestines, gallbladder, ureters, and urinary bladder

Question 2

Solid organs

Answer 2

Liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal gland, and ovaries

Question 3

The displacement of organs outside of the body

Answer 3

Evisceration

Question 4

The region below the rib cage and above the hip

Answer 4

Flank

Question 5

Involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of abdominal movement; a sign of peritonitis

Answer 5

Guarding

Question 6

Blood in the urine

Answer 6

Hematuria

Question 7

The abdominal cavity

Answer 7

Peritoneal cavity

Question 8

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritonaeum) and covering the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum).

Answer 8

Peritoneum

Question 9

The potential space located posterior to the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen.

Answer 9

Retroperitoneum

Question 10

In case of evisceration, what do you do?

Answer 10

Never replace an organ that protrudes from an open injury to the abdomen. Instead, keep the organ mist and warm. Cover the injury side with a large, sterile, moist, bulky dressing and an occlusive dressing, if specified by local protocol.

Question 11

Injuries to the kidneys may be difficult to detect because:

Answer 11

They are located in the well protected region of the body. Be alert to bruising or a hematoma in the flank region.

Question 12

How to treat a patient in shock?

Answer 12

Place patient supine, keep the patient warm, and provide high-flow oxygen.

Question 13

Abdominal injuries are categorized as either:

Answer 13

Open (penetrating trauma) or closed (blunt force trauma)

Question 14

What is rebound tenderness?

Answer 14

Also known as Blumberg’s sign or Shchetkin-Blumberg’s sign, is a clinical sign that occurs when pressure is suddenly released from the abdomen, causing more pain than when the pressure was applied. It’s a sign of peritonitis, which is when the tissue lining the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) becomes inflamed, irritated, or infected.

Question 15

What is blunt force trauma?

Answer 15

Closed injuries from an object striking the body without breaking the skin such as being hit a baseball bat or when the patient’s body strikes the steering wheel during a motor vehicle crash.

Question 16

Right upper quadrant (RUQ) organs

Answer 16

Gallbladder, the duodenum of the intestines ,the majority of the liver, and a small portion of the pancreas

Question 17

Left upper quadrant (LUQ) organs

Answer 17

Spleen, most of the stomach, and the larger portion of the pancreas

Question 18

Left lower quadrant (LLQ) organs

Answer 18

Portions of the large and small intestines (most notably, the descending colon and the left half of the transverse colon).

Question 19

Right lower quadrant (RLQ) organs

Answer 19

Also contains large portions of the large and small intestines (including the ascending colon and the right half of the transverse colon), as well as the appendix, which is situated at the proximal end of the ascending colon.

Question 20

A flail chest occurs when

Answer 20

a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

Question 21

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

Answer 21

requires prompt ventilation and oxygenation.

Question 22

A rapid, irregular pulse following blunt trauma to the chest is most suggestive of a:

Answer 22

myocardial contusion.

Question 23

A simple pneumothorax

Answer 23

is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

Question 24

Hemoptysis is defined as:

Answer 24

coughing up blood.

Question 25

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will most likely cause:

Answer 25

distention.

Question 26

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, except the:

Answer 26

spleen

Question 27

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen after blunt trauma is most suggestive of injury to the:

Answer 27

liver

Question 28

During your assessment of a patient who experienced blunt trauma to the abdomen, you notice bruising around the umbilicus. This is a sign of:

Answer 28

intra-abdominal bleeding.

Question 29

The mesentery is:

Answer 29

a membranous fold that attaches the intestines to the walls of the body.