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EMP Flashcards

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1
Q

How many people worked in monasteries?

A

1/6 of the population

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2
Q

How many people live in towns by 1750?

A

1/5 of the population

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3
Q

In 1750, how many people live in London?

A

700,000

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4
Q

Why was there an increase in poverty?

A
  • Population increase
  • Bad Harvests = Food price increase
  • No welfare for the poor (at the start)
  • Henry VIII Banned Private Armies
  • Henry VIII Closed all Monastries in 1534
  • Problems in the cloth industry
  • Inflation, caused prices to increase faster than wages
  • Landowners now kept sheep instead of growing crops, which required less workers in agriculture
  • End of wars led to soldiers being out of work
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5
Q

What happened to England’s population over this time period?

A

It doubled: From 2.5million (1500) to 5-6million (1700)

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6
Q

What does the population increase mean?

A
  • Increase in unemployment
  • Families in poverty
    Which creates a divide between the rich and poor
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7
Q

When did Witchcraft become a crime punishable by death?

A

1542

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8
Q

Why did WItchcraft turn into such a big thing?

A

Tensions were increasing due to the English Civil War and Bad Harvests, many people needed someone to blame for all these bad things happening. This was then amplified by Puritans, travel, Mathew Hopkins and the printing press.

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9
Q

How did Puritans contribute to the Witchcraft problem?

A

They preached that the devil and his servants were trying to draw good Christians away from God through the use of Witchcraft. This was validated since in Christianity, women were seen as morally weaker due to the story of Adam and Eve

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10
Q

Why were there more witchcraft trials in Essex than in any other area?

A

It was a very puritan place

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11
Q

When were the terrible harvests?

A

1580s

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12
Q

How did Mathew Hopkins contribute to the witchcraft problem?

A

He was called the ‘WItchfinder’ due to his killing of over 400 people. He was paid per witch and made more money in 1 year than many would in their lifetime

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13
Q

Why did many women die in the 1640s?

A

Matthew Hopkins killed many women accused of witchcraft

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14
Q

How did developments in tech contribute to the Witchcraft problem?

A

Many stories were spread through the printing press in 1457. As well as stories and pictures were also printed alongside, which mean that even the illiterate could understand. In addition to this, roads were developed which meant that the rich were able to travel and bring stories to and from areas.

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15
Q

When was witchcraft abolished?

A

1736

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16
Q

What was the 1531 Vagabond Act?

A

There was a key difference made between the ‘sturdy’ and ‘deserving’ poor. Those who were incompetent of working and those who were just lazy

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17
Q

What was the 1547 Vagrancy Act?

A

Vagrants should be whipped and branded with a ‘V’ and sold into Slavery for 2 years if out of work for more than 3 days

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18
Q

What was the 1597 Vagrancy Act?

A

Vagrants who did not change their ways could be sent into exile or executed

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19
Q

Why were Vagrants and Vagabonds treated so harshly?

A

There were harsh stereotypes which made them look:
- Undeserving
- Lazy
- Aggressive
- Threats against the King’s Peace
This was made worse due to the Printing press which indulged these unrealistic ideas about them

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20
Q

Attitudes towards Vagabondage?

A

Many who were poorer let vagabonds slide since they could understand their struggle, however, those who were richer felt like they were very suspicious and were a threat against the king’s peace and didn’t want an uprising

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21
Q

Poor Relief Act 1601

A

Obliged each parish to collect taxes to support people who could not work, first bit of Welfare introduced by Queen Elizabeth

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22
Q

Why were so many people accused of Treason in the EMP?

A

Henry VIII left the Roman Church in 1534 in order to divorce his wife since the Pope was reluctant to allow it. In doing so, he made an act that he and his heirs would be Head of the Church of England. So if you went against the Church of England or supported the Pope it would be Hersey as well as treason, to deny his ‘Royal Supremacy’

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23
Q

How many Heretics did Mary I Kill?

A

284

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24
Q

How many Treasoners did Henry VIII kill?

A

Between 50,0000 - 70,0000

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25
Q

Why were Heresy and Treason punished so harshly?

A
  • Deter people from rebelling
  • The public wanted the punishment to reflect the severity of the crime
  • Seen as Defiance against God
  • Disrupting the King’s Peace
26
Q

During the EMP what organised crime was there?

A

Smuggling, due to Import Taxes, any goods brought into the country were taxed by the government. Therefore, this led to many smuggling things into the UK

27
Q

Why was Smuggling a social crime?

A

Smugglers would often smuggle things in that benefitted the community and people would buy things from them since it was cheaper

28
Q

Who were Watchmen?

A

They were unpaid volunteers who would patrol the streets between 10 pm and dawn, who were to arrest vagabonds and drunks and advise people to go home late at night.

29
Q

Who were Town Constables?

A

Appointed by town authorities who were expected to round up vagrants, turn in the most dangerous criminals, break up fights and collect the community’s payments.

30
Q

Who were Theif Takers?

A

Theif Takers were professionals, therefore, if you had been robbed by someone, their job would be to reclaim that stolen item and deliver the criminals to the authorities, in order to be paid a % of the recovered property.

31
Q

Why did many turn to Theif Takers despite the corruption?

A

It was easy enough to rob someone of their belongings and then get paid to recover their property for easy money. However, they were the only ones who got paid to do their jobs, most of the others lacked incentive due to only being volunteers, therefore they lacked motivation to effectively do their job.

32
Q

In the EMP what Courts were there?

A
  • Manor Courts: minor crimes
  • Church Courts: For Churchmen
  • Royal Judges: Visit each County twice a year to deal with the most serious offnces
33
Q

Community Policing in the EMP?

A
  • Hue + Cry
  • Local Posse: Group of men summoned by a sheriff to assist in preserving public peace and to catch criminals
  • Parish Constables: Would hunt for vagrants to whip and brand them
  • Ordinary People: Could obtain a warrant from a JP to catch a criminal and deliver them to the constable in return for a reward
34
Q

What were the Houses of Correction?

A

Introduced in the late 1500s in order to punish vagrants and repeat offenders through physical labour.

35
Q

What was the first House of Correction?

A

Bridewell Palace, which was first established in 1556 in London used to punish poor homeless children and orphans

36
Q

What were the aims of the Houses of Correction?

A
  • To deter criminals
  • Reformation: Many believed that hard work would persuade offenders to change
37
Q

What Corporal Punishment was mainly used in the EMP?

A

Whipping of Vagrants (1547 Vagrancy Act)
- Deterrence
- Public Humiliation

38
Q

What was Prison used for in the EMP?

A

Used to house criminals awaiting trial or those who failed to pay a fine. It was riddled with disease and infested with rats.

39
Q

Capital Punishment in the EMP?

A

Punish the Most serious Crimes:
- Smuggling
- Witchcraft
- Poaching
- Treason
- Heresy: Burned at the stake
( Retribution, Deterrence, Removal from society)

40
Q

What was the most common punishment in the EMP?

A

Fines
- Used to punish minor crimes: Failure to attend church, swearing, gambling
- Deterrence

41
Q

When was the bloody code introduced and how many Capital Crimes were there?

A

1688, there were 50 capital crimes

42
Q

What was the bloody code?

A

It increased the number of crimes that were punished by the Death Penalty

43
Q

When was Transportation Introduced?

A

In the 1660s

44
Q

What were the changes in courts from the middle ages?

A
  • Trial by Jury became normal
  • Trained Lawyers were more frequently used
  • Trials became more formal
  • No one could be arrested without a trial ( Habeas Corpus)
  • Church Courts began to decline
45
Q

Why were the Tudors particularly scared of Treason?

A

They had seized power by force and there were people who questioned their right to rule, Tensions increased after the break from the Catholic Church

46
Q

What was the Pilgrimage of Grace?

A

1536, a rebellion of 30,000 people, where the bodies of 700 rebels were displayed around the country in deterrence. This was in response to the dissolution of the monasteries.

47
Q

Who was Jonathan Wild and why was he significant?

A

He was a corrupt thief-taker who would return possessions to people for an amount of money and would hand in ‘Criminals’ who were actually those from opposing gangs or those who didn’t listen to him, he was eventually hung in 1725
- Proved the lack of Law Enforcement
- Proved that Executions were actually an area for crimes

48
Q

Why was the bloody code introduced?

A
  • Deterrence: Hoped that it would make people so scared that they would fear committing crimes just because of the punishment
  • Those in Authority were scared by the growing number of poor people
  • Rising unemployment made many scared that the poor would turn to crime instead of falling into poverty
49
Q

Why was Smuggling a social crime?

A
  • Import duties on luxury items and imported goods were unpopular and made many angry
  • It was difficult to enforce import taxes as England had thousands of miles of coast, with very few agents to police them
  • Smugglers could earn up to 7x a labourer’s pay
50
Q

When does transportation to America Begin?

A

1615

51
Q

What was the reformation?

A

Martin Luther 1517 founded a new branch of Christianity in Germany, Protestantism which was spreading across Europe.

52
Q

Why was Heresy a social crime?

A

Many were left confused after the constant religious turmoil in England, so many felt bad for those who didn’t know what was going on

53
Q

What was the religious turmoil?

A

Henry VIII: Catholic-Protestant, protestants followed religious rules badly and the catholic didn’t listen to him
Edward VI: Protestant, kinda strict, 2 executed for heresy
Mary I: Catholic, very strict, 284 heretics killed
Elizabeth I: Protestant, tried to find a middle ground
James I: Protestant, was tolerant of Catholics until the gunpowder plot
Charles I: Protestant, was tolerant of Catholics, allowed more decor in the church
Oliver Cromwell: Puritan, very strict, who banned sport on Sundays and banned celebrations in Christianity

54
Q

How did authorities test for witches?

A

Needle Test: They would prick the accused with a needle to see if they could find the devil’s mark since it was believed that they were unable to feel pain where the devil touched them
Swimming Test: Based on trial by ordeal, if they sunk they were innocent and if they were rejected by the water and floated, they were guilty
Proof of Guilt: Two proven witches would swear that the accused was one too, and neighbours could also provide evidence

55
Q

When and why did Witchcraft decline?

A

After the English Civil War
- Tensions reduced: there was less poverty and bad harvests, meaning many were less suspicious of each other
- The Enlightenment during the reign of Charles II from 1660 saw the creation of the Royal Society which gave scientific explanations

56
Q

Causes of the Gunpowder Plot?

A

1605
- Many Catholics were annoyed by some of Elizabeth’s rules and James I had promised to change things for Christians
- However, in 1604, James Passed a Law Proclamation which ordered all Catholic Priests to leave the Country
- Early in his reign, a group of Catholic Noblemen had decided that the King needed to be killed for a change
- Robert Catesby led the 13 rebels

56
Q

Enclosure?

A

Fencing of private land so villagers couldn’t use it, it was a way for the rich to assert their authority

57
Q

Gunpowder Plot Plan?

A
  • Rented a house next to parliament and Guy Fawkes pretended to be a servant looking after the house
  • He then travelled to Flanders to get foreign support which apparently known by English Spies, so maybe they knew abt the plot the whole time but let it go ahead as an excuse to persecute Catholics???
  • They then rented a cellar directly beneath the House of Lords and packed it with 36 Barrels of gunpowder
58
Q

How was the Gunpowder plot uncovered?

A
  • Francis Tresham sent a letter to his Catholic brother-in-law Lord Monteagle warning him not to attend the State Opening of Parliament
  • Monteagle passed this info on to Robert Cecil
  • Sir Thomas Knyvett was ordered to carry out a search of the rooms below Parliament which he found Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder
59
Q

What happened to the Gunpowder Plotters?

A
  • Torture was only okay if approved by the Monarch
  • Guy Fawkes was Tortured for 12 days until he confessed and later killed
  • The other 8 surviving conspirators were tried in Westminister Halland they were all condemned to death for treason

GCSE (10 decks)

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