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Anglo-Saxon & Normans Flashcards

1
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Moral CRIMES?

A
  • Adultery
  • Not going to Church
    There wouldn’t be any punishments, however, they would be shunned by society
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2
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CRIMES against a person?

A
  • Murder
  • Rape
  • Assault
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3
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CRIMES against the Property?

A
  • Petty Theft: Money, Crops
  • Arson
  • Burglary
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4
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CRIMES against Authority?

A
  • Treason
  • Rebelling
  • Whistleblowing
  • Disrupting the king’s peace
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5
Q

Definition: CRIMES against PERSONS

A

Crimes that cause physical harm

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6
Q

Definition: CRIMES against PROPERTY

A

Crimes that involve taking/damaging others belongings

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7
Q

Definition: CRIMES against AUTHORITY

A

Actions that threaten the structure of society

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8
Q

Definition: MORAL CRIMES

A

Crimes that go against society’s expectations

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9
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CORPORAL PUNISHMENTS?

A
  • Maiming
  • Mutilation
    Used usually for low-level crimes such as crimes against property and some crimes against persosns
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10
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS?

A
  • Beheading
  • Hanging
    Used to punish high-level crimes such as crimes against Authority
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11
Q

Anglo-Saxon what was Wergild?

A

It was compensation paid to the family or Victim as retribution for crimes against property or some low-level crimes against persons. It was a way of giving a chance for reformation instead of a blood feud typa thing

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12
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Blood Feud / Mutilation?

A

It was a form of retribution and deterrence in which the victim would be able to mutilate their opressor

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13
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Stocks and Pillory?

A

It was used as a deterrence for crimes that were very minor such as public disorder as a way of humiliation and embarrasment

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14
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trail By Ordeals?

A

Held by the priest who subjected the accused to painful practises in order to determine their innocent by God

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15
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trail by cold water?

A

Used for witcraft: they were thrown in cold water, if they sunk they were innocent else if they floated they were guilty

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16
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trial by Fire?

A

You would have to walk over red hot irons 2-3 times, if you didn’t have major injuries you were inoccent

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17
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trial by Sacrament?

A

The trial was given to priests, they had to digest dry bread, if they choked on it, they would be found guilty

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18
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trial by Jury?

A

A group of people would come together in order to discuss the accused with the use of oaths

19
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Law Enforcement?

A
  • Community: Hue + Cry, Tithings, Blood Feud
  • The Church
  • Shire Reeves: Policed 10 tithings, would report back to
20
Q

Anglo-Saxon: Who had the most influence?

A

The Community:
- Oaths were important since if you lied it would damage your reputation a lot
- Collective responsibility: Hue and Cry, Tithings
- Contribute to the embarrassment in Stocks and Pillory

21
Q

Anglo-Saxon: King’s Influence?

A

Not much, only dealt with the most severe crimes in the country and had to keep the King’s peace

22
Q

Anglo-Saxon: Church Influence?

A

A fair amount of influence
- Many respected the Church due to God
- Trial by Ordeal
- Dealt with Moral Crimes

23
Q

Anglo Saxons Overall?

A
  • Punishments were more focused on retribution rather than deterrence
  • Law Enforcement was more community based
24
Q

Anglo-Saxon Heiracky?

A

King
Nobles
Freemen
Serfs

25
Norman Changes and Why?
- Forest laws: Make people respect the King and assert his authority but it only angered people - Wegild now paid to King: He needed money after his war - Deterrence is now the main aim of punishments: 7000 Normans were outnumbered by 2 million Englishmen and he couldn't afford lots of Law Enforcement - Norman French became the official language used in court and all records were kept in Latin. Many English understood neither - Men ruled over women - Murdrum Law: 7000 Normans were outnumbered - Freemen turned into Knights - Men ruled over women - French became the official language in court which made it very hard for Englishmen - Punishments became harsher: needed to keep his power w o rebellions, all crimes were seen as offences against the King's peace and more crimes were punished by capital punishment
26
When was the Black Death?
1348
27
How many people died due to the black death?
1/3 of the Population
28
Statute of Labourers?
Due to the black death, there was a shortage of workers, which lead to a demand for higher wages. Landowners felt very threatened by this, which lead to the Statute of Labourers.
29
When was the statute of labourers introduced?
1351
30
Statute of Labourers?
Due to the black death, there was a shortage of workers, which lead to a demand for higher wages. Landowners felt very threatened by this, which lead to the Statute of Labourers. Which made a maximum wage and made it illegal to ask for higher wages
31
When was trial by ordeal abolished?
1215
32
Anglo-Saxon Heiracky?
King Nobles Freemen Serfs
32
When was the statute of labourers introduced?
1351
32
Statute of Labourers?
Due to the black death, there was a shortage of workers, which lead to a demand for higher wages. Landowners felt very threatened by this, which lead to the Statute of Labourers. Which made a maximum wage and made it illegal to ask for higher wages
33
When was trial by ordeal abolished?
1215
34
Who was the Anglo-Saxon Monarch?
King Alfred The Great
35
When William The Conqueror came to the throne, what % of the land did he claim was his?
30% of the Land in England
36
In the Norman Era, what was a Mund?
The area around a home that belonged to the homeowner, that they had the right to defend. Therefore, the country was the King's Mund in which he had a right to defend the King's Peace.
37
What was the Role of the Church in the Norman Era?
- Dealt with Moral Crimes - Benefit of the Clergy was given to Priests if they recited a passage from the Bible, they may be able to avoid harsh punishments and be sent to a Church Court - Criminals could gain Sanctuary in a church if they admitted to being guilty to a Preist, they would be able to choose exile - required to administer Trial By Ordeal until 1215
38
What were the changes in the later Medieval Period?
Henry II introduced the Constitutions of Clarendon: a set of laws - All counties were required to build goals to hold prisoners - The most serious cases had to be tried in London - Church officials were to act like judges - Local Sherriffs were given the power to catch criminals - Trial By Jury became popular by the end of the 1400s - In 1361, local landowners were made into Justices of Peace
39
Royal Court?
- Most serious crimes - Held in London - Punishment was usually hanging - Trial was conducted in front of a jury
40
Manor Court?
- Tried less serious crimes - Held in local communities by local landowners who later became JPs - Punishment was usually a fine
41
Church Court?
- Tried immoral crimes / Priests accused - held in local areas privately - Punishments were more lenient - Monarch had no power over them INTRODUCED BY WILLIAM
42

GCSE (10 decks)

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