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GCSE > Anglo-Saxon & Normans > Flashcards

Anglo-Saxon & Normans Flashcards

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1
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Moral CRIMES?

A
  • Adultery
  • Not going to Church
    There wouldn’t be any punishments, however, they would be shunned by society
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2
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CRIMES against a person?

A
  • Murder
  • Rape
  • Assault
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3
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CRIMES against the Property?

A
  • Petty Theft: Money, Crops
  • Arson
  • Burglary
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4
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CRIMES against Authority?

A
  • Treason
  • Rebelling
  • Whistleblowing
  • Disrupting the king’s peace
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5
Q

Definition: CRIMES against PERSONS

A

Crimes that cause physical harm

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6
Q

Definition: CRIMES against PROPERTY

A

Crimes that involve taking/damaging others belongings

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7
Q

Definition: CRIMES against AUTHORITY

A

Actions that threaten the structure of society

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8
Q

Definition: MORAL CRIMES

A

Crimes that go against society’s expectations

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9
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CORPORAL PUNISHMENTS?

A
  • Maiming
  • Mutilation
    Used usually for low-level crimes such as crimes against property and some crimes against persosns
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10
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS?

A
  • Beheading
  • Hanging
    Used to punish high-level crimes such as crimes against Authority
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11
Q

Anglo-Saxon what was Wergild?

A

It was compensation paid to the family or Victim as retribution for crimes against property or some low-level crimes against persons. It was a way of giving a chance for reformation instead of a blood feud typa thing

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12
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Blood Feud / Mutilation?

A

It was a form of retribution and deterrence in which the victim would be able to mutilate their opressor

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13
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Stocks and Pillory?

A

It was used as a deterrence for crimes that were very minor such as public disorder as a way of humiliation and embarrasment

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14
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trail By Ordeals?

A

Held by the priest who subjected the accused to painful practises in order to determine their innocent by God

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15
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trail by cold water?

A

Used for witcraft: they were thrown in cold water, if they sunk they were innocent else if they floated they were guilty

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16
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trial by Fire?

A

You would have to walk over red hot irons 2-3 times, if you didn’t have major injuries you were inoccent

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17
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trial by Sacrament?

A

The trial was given to priests, they had to digest dry bread, if they choked on it, they would be found guilty

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18
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Trial by Jury?

A

A group of people would come together in order to discuss the accused with the use of oaths

19
Q

Anglo-Saxon and Norman Law Enforcement?

A
  • Community: Hue + Cry, Tithings, Blood Feud
  • The Church
  • Shire Reeves: Policed 10 tithings, would report back to
20
Q

Anglo-Saxon: Who had the most influence?

A

The Community:
- Oaths were important since if you lied it would damage your reputation a lot
- Collective responsibility: Hue and Cry, Tithings
- Contribute to the embarrassment in Stocks and Pillory

21
Q

Anglo-Saxon: King’s Influence?

A

Not much, only dealt with the most severe crimes in the country and had to keep the King’s peace

22
Q

Anglo-Saxon: Church Influence?

A

A fair amount of influence
- Many respected the Church due to God
- Trial by Ordeal
- Dealt with Moral Crimes

23
Q

Anglo Saxons Overall?

A
  • Punishments were more focused on retribution rather than deterrence
  • Law Enforcement was more community based
24
Q

Anglo-Saxon Heiracky?

A

King
Nobles
Freemen
Serfs

25
Q

Norman Changes and Why?

A
  • Forest laws: Make people respect the King and assert his authority but it only angered people
  • Wegild now paid to King: He needed money after his war
  • Deterrence is now the main aim of punishments: 7000 Normans were outnumbered by 2 million Englishmen and he couldn’t afford lots of Law Enforcement
  • Norman French became the official language used in court and all records were kept in Latin. Many English understood neither
  • Men ruled over women
  • Murdrum Law: 7000 Normans were outnumbered
  • Freemen turned into Knights
  • Men ruled over women
  • French became the official language in court which made it very hard for Englishmen
  • Punishments became harsher: needed to keep his power w o rebellions, all crimes were seen as offences against the King’s peace and more crimes were punished by capital punishment
26
Q

When was the Black Death?

A

1348

27
Q

How many people died due to the black death?

A

1/3 of the Population

28
Q

Statute of Labourers?

A

Due to the black death, there was a shortage of workers, which lead to a demand for higher wages. Landowners felt very threatened by this, which lead to the Statute of Labourers.

29
Q

When was the statute of labourers introduced?

A

1351

30
Q

Statute of Labourers?

A

Due to the black death, there was a shortage of workers, which lead to a demand for higher wages. Landowners felt very threatened by this, which lead to the Statute of Labourers. Which made a maximum wage and made it illegal to ask for higher wages

31
Q

When was trial by ordeal abolished?

A

1215

32
Q

Anglo-Saxon Heiracky?

A

King
Nobles
Freemen
Serfs

32
Q

When was the statute of labourers introduced?

A

1351

32
Q

Statute of Labourers?

A

Due to the black death, there was a shortage of workers, which lead to a demand for higher wages. Landowners felt very threatened by this, which lead to the Statute of Labourers. Which made a maximum wage and made it illegal to ask for higher wages

33
Q

When was trial by ordeal abolished?

A

1215

34
Q

Who was the Anglo-Saxon Monarch?

A

King Alfred The Great

35
Q

When William The Conqueror came to the throne, what % of the land did he claim was his?

A

30% of the Land in England

36
Q

In the Norman Era, what was a Mund?

A

The area around a home that belonged to the homeowner, that they had the right to defend. Therefore, the country was the King’s Mund in which he had a right to defend the King’s Peace.

37
Q

What was the Role of the Church in the Norman Era?

A
  • Dealt with Moral Crimes
  • Benefit of the Clergy was given to Priests if they recited a passage from the Bible, they may be able to avoid harsh punishments and be sent to a Church Court
  • Criminals could gain Sanctuary in a church if they admitted to being guilty to a Preist, they would be able to choose exile
  • required to administer Trial By Ordeal until 1215
38
Q

What were the changes in the later Medieval Period?

A

Henry II introduced the Constitutions of Clarendon: a set of laws
- All counties were required to build goals to hold prisoners
- The most serious cases had to be tried in London
- Church officials were to act like judges
- Local Sherriffs were given the power to catch criminals
- Trial By Jury became popular by the end of the 1400s
- In 1361, local landowners were made into Justices of Peace

39
Q

Royal Court?

A
  • Most serious crimes
  • Held in London
  • Punishment was usually hanging
  • Trial was conducted in front of a jury
40
Q

Manor Court?

A
  • Tried less serious crimes
  • Held in local communities by local landowners who later became JPs
  • Punishment was usually a fine
41
Q

Church Court?

A
  • Tried immoral crimes / Priests accused
  • held in local areas privately
  • Punishments were more lenient
  • Monarch had no power over them
    INTRODUCED BY WILLIAM
42
Q
A

GCSE (10 decks)

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