Emotional intelligence Flashcards
What did early factor analysis suggest about social intelligence?
- that SOCIAL intelligence is not a separate ability from ABSTRACT intelligence
- however, the difference between the 1920s and now was technology –> it was all text-base intelligence tests.
- this laid the important groundwork to question whether EI is different from Gf and Gc.
What was the importance of examining social intelligence?
- the importance of proving “ei” is separate from existing constructs (personality, Gc, Gf).
What is the four-branch hierarchical model of the ability models of EI?
- EMOTION REGULATION (e.g. regulating anger, being able to manage other’s emotions)
- EMOTION UNDERSTANDING/MANAGEMENT
- EMOTION FACILITATION (to use information to guide thoughts/actions)
- EMOTION PERCEPTION
What did Wechsler (1950) think about social intelligence?
- that social intelligence is just general intelligence applied to social situations
- ? is it just fluid reasoning
What did Thorndike (1920) think about intelligence, and more specifically social intelligence?
- that intelligence is put into three different types: ABSTRACT (ideas) MECHANICAL (objects) SOCIAL (people)
- social intelligence is the ability to understand men and women, boys and girls, to act wisely in human relations.
What are some differences between ratings and ability scales in emotional intelligence?
RATING SCALES:
- high correlations with personality (sometimes very high- particularly for mixed model theories)
- quick and easy to administer
- vastly out-number ability models
- high reliability (usually)
- transparent items so easily faked
ABILITY SCALES:
- tend not to correlated with personality measures
- really only a few instruments
- costly and timely
- tend to be less reliable
- depends on knowledge (harder to fake)
What are the different streams of EI?
Stream 1: ability model using ability scales, need to process information and pick the best answer
Stream 2: ability model using ratings scales
Stream 3: mixed model using ratings scales
What is wrong with the mixed models (self-report measures)?
- large CONCEPTUAL and THEORETICAL overlap with personality
- items overlap with NEUROTICISM (e.g. “I get depressed” on EQ-I, “I am seldom sad or depressed” NEO-PI-R)
AND EXTRAVERSION
What is some empirical evidence for correlations between the three streams with personality and intelligence?
JOSEPH & NEWMAN (2010):
- there are LARGE correlations between STREAM 3 MEASURES (MIXED MODEL) AND PERSONALITY; particularly ES (neuroticism), then STREAM 2 and weakest for STREAM 1.
- HIGHEST personality measure with STREAM 1 was AGREEABLENESS.
- THIS MEANS THAT STREAM 3 AND PERSONALITY LARGELY OVERLAP
- STREAM 1 had the highest correlation with INTELLIGENCE, than streams 2 and 3
When examining Stream 1 (using the four branch model) what was the largest correlation between agreeableness and g?
- correlations with intelligence was strongest for understanding (could be related to the fact that understanding uses multiple choice compared to the others- which could be a method effect)
- correlations with agreeableness was strongest for management
What is the concept of emotion labour?
- the concept that some jobs require a certain amount of positive emotional expression
What did Joseph and Newman (2010) find with regards to emotional intelligence and job performance?
STREAM 1:
- correlations with job performance are positive but low
- highest for management branch
- that emotional intelligence was required for high emotion labour jobs, and not required for low emotion labour jobs.
STREAM 2:
- prediction of job performance is good
STREAM 3:
- highest for stream 3, which could be due to personality overlap (known r/s b/w personality and job performance)
*higher for high emotion labour and low emotion labour jobs.
What is emotional intelligence good for?
- explains 7% of performance is non-trivial
- job performance is not everything –> coping with stress (EI explains 10-15% of differences in how ppl cope); happiness and well-being (EI explains 29% of differences in eudaimonic well-being i.e. self-actualisation)
What is the r/s of EI to a) big 5 personality and b) job performance? Name atleast 3 factors that affect the r/s between EI to Big 5 and job performance. Describe the effects that these three factors have on the size of such r/s.
- In Joseph and Newsom’s meta-analysis demonstrated:
a) - largest correlation between personality and EI was with Stream 3 (particularly for ES)
- then Stream 2 and then Stream 1
- the highest measure of personality facet with Stream 1 was Agreeableness
b) - correlations with job performance:
- best for stream 3 (mixed models) –> could be due to the overlap between personality and job performance
- Stream 2: prediction of job performance is good
- probability due to personality overlap
- correlations with Stream 1 are positive but low–> highest for the management branch - Intelligence- some jobs have restriction of range of IQ such that there are few differences btw ppl in IQ (so intelligence is
- overlap between items on personality constructs and Stream 3 tests
- Emotion labour level of jobs –> higher emotion labour jobs require higher EI than lower emotional labour jobs
3 (i.e. some jobs require high positive emotional expression e.g. hospitality with customer focus)
Personality- because there are overlapping items and subscales in test of personality with items on Stream 3 we need to make sure it is not method effects of which is being captured by these scales. This is what could also be causing increases in higher job performance due to overlap between personality and job performance.
Emotion labour of jobs- jobs that are high emotion labour jobs require higher EI than low emotion labour jobs. In high emotion labour jobs, 7% of performance in the workplace can be predicted by the level of EI. - in some jobs where everyone has a higher IQ, other factors e.g. EI are better ways to differentiate between them (and therefore have taken out alot of variables that would take out poor performance for other reasons i.e. if someone is selected for not having anxiety problems and having high IQ- job performance might be more strongly predicted by other variables.)
What is a potential reason for the highest correlation of Stream 1 with intelligence (particularly for the Understanding branch)?
- the fact that they are both MCQ so it could potentially be due to method effects/response effects.
