Emotion

Question 1

Define emotions

Answer 1

Relatively brief display of feelings in response to events having motivational relevance

Question 2

What are the 6 basic emotions

Answer 2

anger/sadness/surprise/joy/fear/disgust

Question 3

Give a flaw with ‘emotion’

Answer 3

‘slippery concept’ as to how and what we would define as an emotion, e.g. tiredness or optimism?

Question 4

What 3 things did Darwin say about emotions

Answer 4

evolutionary; human expressions of emotions evolved. Universally expressed and recognised

Question 5

What is a flaw with Darwin’s explanation of emotion

Answer 5

is emotion an evolved or psychological construct?

some emotions are without clear facial expression e.g., boredom, guilt

Question 6

What are the 3 ‘families of emotion’

Answer 6

Basic, self-conscious and moral emotions

Question 7

Place shame into a family of emotion

Answer 7

self-conscious emotion

Question 8

Place contempt and empathy into a family of emotion

Answer 8

moral emotion

Question 9

Place sadness and surprise into a family of emotion

Answer 9

Basic emotion

Question 10

What did Zelenski and Larson investigate and in what year

Answer 10

2000

which emotions are more common

Question 11

What brain regions are associated with emotion?

Answer 11

OFC and amygdala

Question 12

What is the role of the amygdala in emotion

Answer 12

Important role in expression of conditional emotional responses
Focal point between sensory systems and systems for behavioural/autonomic/hormonal components of conditioned emotional responses

Question 13

What is the role of the OFC in emotion

Answer 13

Receives information from sensory
systems and regions of frontal lobes
that control behaviour
Communicates with limbic system

Question 14

what happens to emotions if the amygdala is damaged; give an example of a psychological study

Answer 14

Associated with lack of fear responses when confronted with typically fear-evoking stimuli

LeDoux (1996) two routes conditioning of fear occur:
thalamus - amygdala: “quick & dirty”
Carries the emotional content of the conditioning
thalamus - visual/auditory cortex - amygdala: slower
Carries sensory content of the conditioning

Question 15

what happens to emotions if the OFC is damaged; give a psychological study

Answer 15

Impaired inhibitions and self-concern.
Possess knowledge about social behaviours but difficulties applying such knowledge in real life.
Connections between somatic states and appreciation of them are missing.
Problems recognising facial and vocal emotional expression.

Phineas Gage

Question 16

What is the facial feedback hypothesis; who came up with it and when

Answer 16

Strack et al 1988; idea that our facial expressions can influence our feelings

Question 17

Outline Strack’s 1988 study

Answer 17

hold pen in mouth in 2 conditions; read and rated cartoons. found pen held with teeth (facial muscles forming a smile) lead to cartoons rated as more funny vs pen held between lips (preventing a smile)

Question 18

How does botox effect emotion; give an example

Answer 18

paralyses the frown muscle– frown muscle integral to anger expressions
Reading of sentences slowed when expression of evoked emotion would have required paralysed muscle

Question 19

What is the James Lange theory of emotion

Answer 19

Stimulus leads to

Perception/interpretation then

Unique pattern of autonomic arousal displayed and

Particular emotion experienced

Question 20

Outline the counter theory to the James-Lange theory

Answer 20

Cannon-Bard theory;
Emotional and physiological responses are separate, but both occur in direct response to the stimulus
Same physiological reactions for different emotions

Question 21

What is the two factor theory of emotion and who proposed it

Answer 21

Schacter and Singer

Emotions are determined jointly by (1) perception of physiology and (2) cognitive assessment of the situation

Question 22

State and define the theory related to the two factor theory of emotion, and who proposed it

Answer 22

Misattribution of arousal paradigm

Dutton and Aron, 1974 bridge crossing and physical attraction rating from physical arousal

Question 23

What is the misattribution of arousal paradigm

Answer 23

process where mistake assuming what is causing arousal. For example, when actually experiencing physiological responses related to fear; mislabel responses as romantic arousal