Emotion Flashcards
Define emotions
Relatively brief display of feelings in response to events having motivational relevance
What are the 6 basic emotions
anger/sadness/surprise/joy/fear/disgust
Give a flaw with ‘emotion’
‘slippery concept’ as to how and what we would define as an emotion, e.g. tiredness or optimism?
What 3 things did Darwin say about emotions
evolutionary; human expressions of emotions evolved. Universally expressed and recognised
What is a flaw with Darwin’s explanation of emotion
is emotion an evolved or psychological construct?
some emotions are without clear facial expression e.g., boredom, guilt
What are the 3 ‘families of emotion’
Basic, self-conscious and moral emotions
Place shame into a family of emotion
self-conscious emotion
Place contempt and empathy into a family of emotion
moral emotion
Place sadness and surprise into a family of emotion
Basic emotion
What did Zelenski and Larson investigate and in what year
2000
which emotions are more common
What brain regions are associated with emotion?
OFC and amygdala
What is the role of the amygdala in emotion
Important role in expression of conditional emotional responses
Focal point between sensory systems and systems for behavioural/autonomic/hormonal components of conditioned emotional responses
What is the role of the OFC in emotion
Receives information from sensory
systems and regions of frontal lobes
that control behaviour
Communicates with limbic system
what happens to emotions if the amygdala is damaged; give an example of a psychological study
Associated with lack of fear responses when confronted with typically fear-evoking stimuli
LeDoux (1996) two routes conditioning of fear occur:
thalamus - amygdala: “quick & dirty”
Carries the emotional content of the conditioning
thalamus - visual/auditory cortex - amygdala: slower
Carries sensory content of the conditioning
what happens to emotions if the OFC is damaged; give a psychological study
Impaired inhibitions and self-concern.
Possess knowledge about social behaviours but difficulties applying such knowledge in real life.
Connections between somatic states and appreciation of them are missing.
Problems recognising facial and vocal emotional expression.
Phineas Gage
What is the facial feedback hypothesis; who came up with it and when
Strack et al 1988; idea that our facial expressions can influence our feelings
Outline Strack’s 1988 study
hold pen in mouth in 2 conditions; read and rated cartoons. found pen held with teeth (facial muscles forming a smile) lead to cartoons rated as more funny vs pen held between lips (preventing a smile)
How does botox effect emotion; give an example
paralyses the frown muscle– frown muscle integral to anger expressions
Reading of sentences slowed when expression of evoked emotion would have required paralysed muscle
What is the James Lange theory of emotion
Stimulus leads to
Perception/interpretation then
Unique pattern of autonomic arousal displayed and
Particular emotion experienced
Outline the counter theory to the James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory;
Emotional and physiological responses are separate, but both occur in direct response to the stimulus
Same physiological reactions for different emotions
What is the two factor theory of emotion and who proposed it
Schacter and Singer
Emotions are determined jointly by (1) perception of physiology and (2) cognitive assessment of the situation
State and define the theory related to the two factor theory of emotion, and who proposed it
Misattribution of arousal paradigm
Dutton and Aron, 1974 bridge crossing and physical attraction rating from physical arousal
What is the misattribution of arousal paradigm
process where mistake assuming what is causing arousal. For example, when actually experiencing physiological responses related to fear; mislabel responses as romantic arousal
