Emergency Procedures Flashcards
What are the flight situations where an unintentional spin may occur?
a. Engine failure on takeoff during climbout
pilot tries to stretch glide to landing area by increasing back pressure or makes an uncoordinated turn back to departure runway at a relatively low airspeed.
b. Crossed-controlled turn from base to final
(slipping or skidding turn) - pilot overshoots final (possibly due to a crosswind) and makes an uncoordinated turn at a low airspeed.
c. Engine failure on approach to landing
pilot tries to stretch glide to runway by increasing back pressure.
d. Go-around with excessive nose-up trim-
pilot applies power with full flaps and nose-up trim combined with uncoordinated use of rudder.
e. Go-around with improper flap retraction
pilot applies power and retracts flaps rapidly resulting in a rapid sink rate followed by an instinctive increase in back pressure.
What is the recommended procedure for recovery from a spin?
a. Reduce the power (throttle) to idle.
b. Position the ailerons to neutral.
c. Apply full opposite rudder against the rotation.
d. Apply a positive and brisk, straightforward movement of the elevator control forward of the neutral position to break the stall.
e. After spin rotation stops, neutralize the rudder.
f. Begin applying back-elevator pressure to raise the nose to level flight.
What does an aft center of gravity do to an aircraft’s spin characteristics?
- Recovery from a stall more difficult
- a “flat” spin will develop. A “flat” spin makes it impossible to get the nose down and recover.
What load factor is present in a spin?
Slightly above the 1 G load of level flight.
There are two reasons this is true:
a. The airspeed in a spin is very low (usually within 2 knots of the unaccelerated stalling speed);
b. The airplane pivots, rather than turns , while it is in a spin.
What procedures should be followed concerning a partial loss of power in flight?
- Establish best glide airspeed
- select an emergency landing area and remain within gliding distance.
As time allows, attempt to determine the cause and correct it. Complete the following checklist:
a. Check the carburetor heat.
b. Check the amount of fuel in each tank and switch fuel tanks if necessary.
c. Check the fuel selector valve’s current position.
d. Check the mixture control.
e. Check that the primer control is all the way in and locked.
f. Check the operation of the magnetos in all three positions: both, left or right.
In the event of a complete engine failure on takeoff, what procedure is recommended?
If an engine failure occurs during the takeoff run, the following checklist should be completed:
- Retard the throttle to idle.
- Apply pressure to the brakes.
- Retract the wing flaps.
- Set the mixture control to “Idle Cut-off.”
- Turn the ignition switch to “Off.”
- Turn the master switch to “Off.”
If an engine failure occurs during faces of take off, what procedure is recommended?
- If we already lift o and we have remaining runway in front of us, we will land on the remaining runway.
- If we do not have enough runway infront of us, we will pitch for 73 knots which is our best glide speed and land straight ahead or slightly to the sides on the best possible open eld we can nd.
- If we have enough altittude, at least 1000 feet, we will attempt to come back to the airport and land on any runway or taxiway.
What is the recommended procedure to be followed for an engine failure while en route?
- After determining a loss of power has occurred, establish best glide speed (73KIAS) by maintaining a level pitch attitude as the airplane slows.
- Select the most appropriate landing site, consider wind direction, and y a modied trac pattern to land at the selected site. Prepare for a short eld landing.
- Complete the “Restarting Engine” emergency checklist:
- Mixture full rich
- Fuel pump ON Carburator Heat ON
- Primer secured
- Change Fuel Tank
- Try to restart.
- If the “Restarting Engine” checklist is unsuccessful, maintain aircraft control, declare emergency and proceed to the “Securing Engine” checklist:
- Mixture Cut OFF
- Fuel Pump OFF
- Carburator heat OFF
- Ignition OFF
- Fuel selector OFF
- Open the door.
- If the maneuver is being conducted in training, recover to a cruise climb when reaching 500’ AGL.
- If the engine failure occurs in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), ask ATC for vectors to the nearest airport or away from high terrain, as appropriate.
Explain the approximate altitude loss and factors to consider when maneuvering an airplane that has just taken off, experienced an engine failure at 300 feet AGL, and is attempting to turn back to the departure runway.
The turn back to the runway will require approximately 270 degrees (180 degrees to get turned around, 45 degrees to get pointed at the runway, and 45 degrees for final alignment with the runway).
Using a standard rate turn of 3° per second, it will take approximately 90 seconds to make the turn. If the airplane descends at approximately 500 fpm, it will have descended approximately 750 feet, placing it 450 feet below the runway.
Other factors to consider:
a. The initial reaction time of 4 seconds and corresponding loss of
airspeed and altitude.
b. The downwind turn must be made immediately, which
increases the ground speed and rushes the pilot even more in the performance and planning of the procedure.
c. The apparent increase in ground speed could mislead the pilot into attempting to prematurely slow the airplane down, resulting in a possible stall.
d. The pilot will tend to use steeper bank angles than required for a standard rate turn, resulting in an increase in load factor, stall speed, and rate of descent.
e. The airplane will lose considerable altitude during the turn and might still be in a bank when the ground is contacted.
If an engine failure has occurred while en route and a forced landing is imminent, what procedures should be followed?
A B C D
And 7700 and 121.5
Immediately before touchdown in a forced landing procedure, what items should be completed? (AFM/POH)
XX
In an engine failure situation, what glide ratio will be obtained if the best-glide airspeed is maintained? KNOW YOUR PLANE
A loss of 600 feet per l nautical mile (i.e., an aircraft at 3,000 feet AGL would have a maximum gliding distance of 5 miles
If a forced landing is imminent, should the landing gear be left up, or down and locked?
There can’t be a hard and fast rule concerning the position of a retractable landing gear at touchdown.
When a normal touchdown is assured, and ample stopping distance is available, a gear-up landing on level-but-soft terrain , or across a plowed field, may result in less airplane damage than a gear-down landing.
What is detonation?
- uncontrolled, explosive ignition of the fuel/
- It causes excessive temperatures and pressures which, if not corrected, can quickly lead to failure of the piston, cylinder, or valves.
- In less severe cases, detonation causes engine overheating, roughness, or loss of power.
What are some of the most common operational causes of detonation?
a. Using a lower fuel grade
b. Operating with extremely high manifold pressures in conjunction with low RPM.
c. Operating the engine at high power settings with an excessively lean mixture.
d. Extended ground operations or steep climbs where cylinder cooling is reduced.
