EMBRYOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
ROSTRAL
A
head end
2
Q
CAUDAL
A
tail end
3
Q
NEURULATION
A
- folding process
- flat disc folds at edges
- forms a hollow cylinder
- 3 germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm + endoderm
- neural plate to neural tube
4
Q
NOTOCHORD
A
- induce neural plate formation
- induce ectoblast cells above it to transform into neuroectoblast cells
- beneath ectoderm, neural groove
- becomes vertebral column
5
Q
NEURAL PLATE
A
includes neural crest cells + neural tube
6
Q
NEURAL TUBE
A
- precursor to central nervous system (from ectoderm)
- aka will form brain, spinal cord + retina
- cylinder of ectodermal cells
7
Q
NEURAL CREST CELLS
A
- when neural tube closes + separates from surface they migrate away
- form structures peripheral to CNS + sensory nerves
8
Q
NEURAL TUBE ORIGIN
A
- ectodermal origin
- neural ectoderm
- surface ectoderm
9
Q
NEURAL ECTODERM
A
produces all neurons, glial cells + epithelia of brain, spinal cord, retina e.t.c.
10
Q
SURFACE ECTODERM
A
- exterior
- forms exterior layers of skin
- e.g. corneal epithelium, conjunctiva, eyelid skin, lens + lacrimal drainage system
11
Q
WHEN DOES NEURAL TUBE CLOSE?
A
complete closure at end of week 4
12
Q
SOMITES
A
differentiate into dermis, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons + vertebrae
13
Q
NUMBER OF SOMITES PRESENT BY END OF WEEK 5?
A
42-44 pairs of SOMITES
14
Q
TWO WALLS OF OPTIC CUP GIVE RISE TO WHICH ADULT STRUCTURE?
A
RETINA
15
Q
PARAXIAL MESODERM DEVELOPS INTO WHICH MUSCLES OF EYE?
A
OCULAR MUSCLES
