CELL DEATH Flashcards
1
Q
APOPTOSIS
A
- programmed cell death that allows cells that are unneeded or unwanted to be eliminated
- important in development
- eliminating damaged cells
2
Q
CONTROL OF APOPTOSIS
A
- blocking signals
- promoting signals
3
Q
BLOCKING SIGNALS
A
promote cell survival
e.g. growth hormones
4
Q
PROMOTING SIGNALS
A
- promote cell death
- e.g. loss of survival signals, DNA damage, errors in cell division
- override survival signals
- act by switching on suicide genes
5
Q
INTRINSIC PATHWAY
A
damage within the cells
e.g. DNA damage
6
Q
EXTRINSIC PATHWAY
A
activation of external death receptors
7
Q
EXCESSIVE ACTIVITY OF APOPTOSIS
A
loss of tissue mass
e.g. alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s + AIDS
8
Q
UNDER ACTIVITY OF APOPTOSIS
A
increase of tissue mass
e.g. cancer, retinoblastoma (Rb gene mutation)
9
Q
HOW CAN CANCER EVADE APOPTOSIS?
A
- accumulate a series of genetic alterations that confer an unwarranted survival + proliferative advantage
- adopt strategies to override apoptosis
