CELL CYCLE Flashcards
CENTROMERE
point of attachment of sister chromatids
MITOTIC SPINDLE + CENTROSOME AID WHAT?
movement
WHAT ARE FORMS OF DNA?
- chromatin
- chromatid
- chromosome
CELL FATE DETERMINATION DEPENDS ON WHAT?
- cell proliferation
- cell specialisation
- cell interaction
- cell movement
CHROMATIN
form DNA takes when cell not dividing
CHROMOSOME
form DNA takes when chromatin condensed allowing it to be observed under light microscopy
CHROMATID
one of attached pair of identical strands (chromosome) of DNA formed during replication
MITOTIC SPINDLE
strands of microtubules which aid movement
CENTROSOME
organelles which aids spindle formation
CENTRIOLE
one of a pair of cylindrical structures which are contained within a centrosome
S PHASE
replication of DNA
G1 PHASE
synthesis of organelles
G2 PHASE
synthesis of proteins
M PHASE
division of cell contents
IF A CELL IS IN G0 PHASE, WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
it performs normal functions of the cell but does not divide to provide new cells
CYTOKINESIS PROCESS
- a contractile ring formed from protein microfilaments tightens around the metaphase plate of cell
- forms a cleavage furrow which gets larger as the ring tightens until it divides parent cells into 2 new separate cells
SIGNALS WHICH REGULATE CELL DIVISION
PROMOTOR GENES - signal synthesis of growth promoting factors which stimulate cell division
REPRESSOR GENES - signal synthesis of growth inhibiting factors which suppress cell division
WHAT MAY LEAD TO THE OVERGROWTH OF TISSUE?
- upset in balance between cell proliferation + cell death
- possible DNA damage
UNCONTROLLED DIVISION RESULTS IN WHAT?
tumour growth
