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Embryology Flashcards

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1
Q

derivatives for foregut

A 
esophagus
stomach
liver
gallbladder
proximal duodenum
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2
Q

artery of foregut

A

celiac trunk

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3
Q

derivatives of midgut

A 
dustal duodenum
jejenum
ileum
cecum\appendix
ascending colon
proximal transverse colon
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4
Q

artery of mid gut

A

Superior mesentric

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5
Q

Derivatives of hindgut

A 
distal transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
proximal anus
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6
Q

arery of hindgut

A

Inferior mesentric

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7
Q

Spleen develops from

A

mesoderm

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8
Q

Lung bud appears at

A

4th week

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9
Q

esophagus reaches its final length in

A

7th week

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10
Q

Epthelium and glands of esophagus develop from

A

Endoderm

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11
Q

Recanalization of esophagus occurs by

A

8th week

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12
Q

Striated muscle of esophagus is derived from

A

Mesenchyme of pharyngeal arches

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13
Q

Smooth muscle of esophagus is dervied from

A

Splanchnic mesenchyme

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14
Q

Esophageal atersia occurs from

A

Deviation of the tracheoesophageal spetum posteriorly or from failure of recanalization
results in polyhyrdoamnios

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15
Q

Esophageal stenosis occurs in the

A

distal 3rd due incomplete recanalization or failkure of blood vessels to develop

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16
Q

Congintal hiatal hernia is due to

A

short esophagus, leadsa to stomach herniating into thorax

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17
Q

Slight dilation of stomach occurs in

A

middle 4th week

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18
Q

Which border of stomach develops faster

A

Doral border -greater curvature

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19
Q

Rotation of stomach

A

90 degrees clockwise longt axis

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20
Q

Omental bursa if formed by

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

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21
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

Marked muscular thickening of the pylorus (mostly circular muscle)
leads to projectile vomiting

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22
Q

Duodenum develops in

A

4th week

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23
Q

Lumen of duodenum is obliteraed in

A

5th and 6th weeks

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24
Q

Duodenal stenosis involves

A

horizontal (3rd)
ascending (4th) parts
bile containing vomit happens

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25
Q

Duodenal atrersia occurs at

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla

AR inheritience

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26
Q

Double bubble

A

Duodenal atresia

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27
Q

Liver and bilary organs develope in

A

4th week

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28
Q

Mass of splanchnic mesoderm between developing heart and midgut

A

Spetum transversum

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29
Q

Cranial part of hepatic diverticulum forms

A

Liver

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30
Q

Hpeatic cords and epithelial linig of bilary apparatus develops from

A

endoderm

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31
Q

Hempatopoeituc tissue and kuppferr cells derived from

A

septum trasversum

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32
Q

Liver enlarges during

A

5th-10th week

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33
Q

Hematopoesis in liver begins in

A

6th week

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34
Q

Liver forms 10% weight of fetus in

A

9th week

35
Q

Bile formation begins in

A

12th week

36
Q

Caudal part of hepatic diverticulat forms

A

gallbladder

37
Q

stalk od diverticulum forms

A

cystic duct

38
Q

Bile duct is formed from

A

Stalk connecting hepatic and cystic ducts to the duodenum

39
Q

Ventral mesentry forms

A

lesser omentum
falciform ligament
visceral peritoneum of liver

40
Q

Most common form of extrahepatic bilary atersia is

A

Obliteration of bile ducts at or superior to prota hepatis

Jaundice occurs with clay coloured stools

41
Q

Dorsal pancreatic bud forms

A

Part of head
neck
body

42
Q

Ventral pancreatic duct forms

A

Uncinate process

inferior part of head

43
Q

Main pancreatic duct is formed by

A

fusion of DISTAL doral duct and ventral duct

44
Q

assecory pancreatic duct is formed by

A

proximal part of dorsal duct

45
Q

Parenchyma of pancreas develops from

A

endoderm of pancreatic buds which form network of tubules

46
Q

Pancreatic acini develop from

A

cell clusters around the dns of primordial pancreatic ducts

47
Q

Pancreatic islets develop from

A

groups of cells that seperate tubules

48
Q

Insulin secretion begins in

A

10th weeks

49
Q

Glucagon is released at

A

15th weeks

50
Q

connective tissue and speta of pancreas develop from

A

splanchnic mesenchyme

51
Q

Annular pancreas

A

due to growth of bifid ventral pancreatic bud

52
Q

Spleen is derived from

A

Mass of mesenchymal cells between layers od dorsal mesogastrium

53
Q

Spleen begins to develop in

A

5th week

54
Q

spleen acquires its shape in

A

fetal period

55
Q

Notches in the superior border of spleen are remnants of

A

Grooves seperating fetal lobules

56
Q

Capsule, CT amd parencyma of spleen are derived from

A

mesenchymal cells of splenic primordium

57
Q

Hematopeosis in spleen occurs in

A

8th week-birth

58
Q

Accesory spleens occur where

A

Hilum iof spleen
tail of pancreas
gastrosplenic ligament

59
Q

Physiological umblical herniation occuers in

A

6th week

60
Q

Lopp communicates with the yolk stalk until

A

10th week

61
Q

Roation od mid gut in umblical cord

A

90 degrees counter clockwise around axis of superior mesentric

62
Q

Intestines return to abdomen in

A

10th week

63
Q

Large intestine rotation while returning

A

180 degrees counterclockwise

64
Q

Cecal bud appears in

A

6th week

65
Q

Omphalocele

A

non return of midcut in the abdomen

causes pulmonary and thoracic hypoplasia

66
Q

Omphalocele is covered by

A

epithelium of umblical cord

67
Q

Umblical hernia

A

greater omentum and part of small intestine herniate through an imperfectly closed umblicus
normal until 3-2 years

68
Q

Umblical hernia is covered by

A

Subcutaneous tissue and skin

69
Q

Gastroschisis

A

Extrusion of viscera without involving the umblical cord due to split in ant abdomimal wall into the amniotic cavity

70
Q

Nonrotation of midgut

A

Cecum lies below pylorus and causes duodenal obstruction

71
Q

Midgut volvulis

A

Twisting of the the midgut due to improperly positioned intestines may cause obstruction of superior mesentric artery leading to infarction and gagrene of intestine
present with bile vomit

72
Q

Reversaed rotation

A

Midgut rotates clockwise
duodenum lies anterior to superior mesentric instead of transverse colon
small intestine lies on the left

73
Q

Subhepatic cecum and appendix

A

Cecum adheres tominferior surface of liver when it returns to the abdomen
causes problems while appendicitis

74
Q

Mobile Cecum

A

May herniate into the right inguinal canal
Is due to incomplete fixation of ascending colon
may cause volvulus

75
Q

Internal hernia

A

Small intestine passed into the mesentry of midgut during return of the intestines
no symptoms

76
Q

Stenosis/atresia of small intestine

A

Most often in ileum and duodenum
incomplete recanalization or infarction
most often occurs during 10th week

77
Q

Ileal Diverticulum (Meckels)

A

Most common anomaly may cause symptoms mimicking appendicitis

78
Q

Cloaca

A

Endoerm lined chamber in contact with surface ectoderm at cloacal membrane
endoderm of cloaca
ectoderm of proctoderm or anal pit

79
Q

Dorsal Part of cloaca forms

A

Rectum and anal canal (7th week)

80
Q

Vnetral part of cloaca forms

A

Urogenital sinus

81
Q

Megacolon (Hirshsprung idsease)

A

Aganglionosis in the distal bowek

failure of neural crest cells to migrate into wall of colon during 5th-7th weeks

82
Q

Imperforate anus

A

Incomplete seperation of of cloaca

83
Q

Anal membrane perforates in

A

8th week

84
Q

most common anorectal anomaly

A

Anorectal agenensis

causes [assage of muconium in urine

GIT (16 decks)

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